Tm-doped fiber laser mode-locked by graphene-polymer composite

Zhang, Meng; Kelleher, E. J. R.; Torrisi, Felice; Sun, Zhongyuan; Hasan, Tawfique; Popa, D.; Wang, Frank; Ferrari, Andrea C.; Попов, С. В.; Taylor, J.R.

doi:10.1364/oe.20.025077

Cited by 284 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), optical and Raman Spectroscopy are then used to characterize the dispersions. HRTEM shows that the sample consists of∼26% single-,∼22% bi-and∼18% tri-layers 8,35 , with∼1µm average size. The dispersion then undergoes vacuum filtration via 25nm pore-size filters.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While the predominantly used semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are limited by their narrow wavelength range 17 , and complex fabrication 18 , CNTs and graphene have simple, cost-effective production and integration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Broadband operation is achieved with CNTs by combining tubes of different diameters 12 .…”

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15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Mary¹,

Brown²,

Beecher³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

114

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We fabricate a saturable absorber mirror by coating a graphene film on an output coupler mirror. This is then used to obtain Q-switched mode-locking from a diode pumped linear cavity waveguide laser inscribed in Ytterbium-doped Bismuthate Glass, with high slope and optical conversion efficiencies. The laser produces mode-locked pulses at∼1039nm, with 1.5GHz repetition rate at an average 202mW output power. This performance is due to the combination of the graphene saturable absorber with the high quality laser glass.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Mary¹,

Brown²,

Beecher³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

114

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“…This, along with the ultrafast recovery time [28], low saturation fluence [16,26], and ease of fabrication [29] and integration [30], makes graphene an excellent broadband SA [27]. Consequently, mode-locked lasers using graphene SAs (GSAs) have been demonstrated from∼800nm [31] to ∼970nm [32], ∼1µm [33], ∼1.5µm [26] and ∼2µm [34] up to ∼2,4µm [35]. Therefore, experimental setups that combine the unique optical properties and simple fabrication of graphene, with fiber lasers, are attractive prospects for few-cycle generation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Few-cycle pulses from a graphene mode-locked all-fiber laser

Purdie

Popa

Wittwer

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We combine a graphene mode-locked oscillator with an external compressor and achieve∼29fs pulses with∼52mW average power. This is a simple, low-cost, and robust setup, entirely fiber based, with no free-space optics, for applications requiring high temporal resolution.Ultrafast light pulses in the femtosecond range are needed for advanced photonics applications. E.g. in pump-probe spectroscopy, photophysical and photochemical relaxation processes are monitored by exciting a sample with an ultrashort light pulse. The maximum temporal resolution is determined by the duration, ∆τ , of the pulse. This is usually defined as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of its intensity profile in the time domain, I(t) [1]. Alternatively ∆τ may be defined by the number of oscillation periods of the electric field carrier wave (optical cycles) within the pulse[2] N = ∆τ T0 = ν 0 ∆τ , where T 0 is the optical cycle of frequency ν 0 . The ultimate pulse duration is set by a single cycle of light, i.e. T 0 , given by[2] λ c , where λ is the wavelength and c is the speed of light. Finally, the uncertainty relation ∆ν∆τ ≃ 1 π provides a measure of the minimum frequency bandwidth ∆ν required for an ultrashort pulse formation[2], i.e. the broader the bandwidth, the shorter the supported pulse. In the visible and near infrared (NIR), T 0 lies, e.g, between 2fs at λ ∼600nm and 5fs at λ ∼1.5µm, which set the ultimate speed limit for devices operating in this wavelength range. Achieving shorter pulses therefore requires moving to shorter wavelengths.Pulses as short as 2-cycles can be generated directly from laser cavities using passive mode-locking [1][2][3]. Ti:Saphire lasers have become established tools for few-cycle generation [2], with the shortest pulses produced to date having ∆τ ∼5fs[4] at a centre wavelength, λ 0 ∼800nm, corresponding to less than 2-cycles, with spectral width ∆λ ∼600nm [4]. Ti:Saphire lasers able to generate few-cycle durations are typically optimized to make use of the maximum ∆λ gain available[2], consequently they have no wavelength tunability[2]. Tunable Ti:Saphire operate with a much longer pulse duration, e.g. ∆τ ∼150fs in a typical∼680-1080nm commercially available spectral range [5]. Tunable few-cycle pulses can be achieved by exploiting nonlinear optical effects in optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs). These can be described by expressing the polarization (P ) as a power series in the applied optical field (E) [6,7]:, where ǫ 0 is the free space permittivity, χ (1) is the linear and χ (2) and χ (3) are the second-and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities. OPAs are optical amplifiers based on the χ (2) nonlinearity of a crystal [6][7][8], in a process, called parametric [6,7], where there is no net transfer of energy and momentum between E and the crystal [6,7]. This can be visualized, by considering energy transfer from a pump pulse of frequency ω p to two pulses of lower frequencies ω s and ω i , called signal and idler [6,7], with the requirement ω p = ω s + ω i [6,7]. Under this condition, OPAs can...

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“…그 중 펨토초 레벨의 극초단 펄스 레이저를 구현하기 위해서는 수 동형 모드잠금 방법을 사용하여야 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 펨토초 극초단 펄스를 생성하기 위해서는 일반적으로 반응시간이 극히 짧은 수동형 포화흡수체의 비선형 흡수 현 상을 이용하거나 편광기를 공진기 내부에 삽입하여 공진하 는 빔이 광섬유내 에서 Kerr 비선형 현상으로 인해 편광이 [15,16] Carbon Nanotube, [17] Graphene, [18][19][20][21] Topological Insulator [22] [27]…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Passively Mode-Locked 1.93-㎛ All-Fiberized Femtosecond MOPA Laser Using a Gold-Deposited Side-Polished Fiber

정민완¹,

구준회²,

이주한³

2014

Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics

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We experimentally demonstrate the use of a gold-deposited side-polished fiber as a 2-μm-band polarizing device to produce mode-locked pulses from a thulium/holmium-codoped fiber ring cavity. The mode-locking effect was induced by nonlinear transmission caused by the gold-deposited side-polished fiber, due to nonlinear polarization rotation of the oscillated beam within the fiberized cavity. It is also shown that ~558-fs pulses with a peak power of ~6.7 kW could readily be produced at a wavelength of 1935 nm through subsequent thulium/holmium-codoped fiber amplification, due to the higher-order soliton compression effect.

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Tm-doped fiber laser mode-locked by graphene-polymer composite

Cited by 284 publications

References 61 publications

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Few-cycle pulses from a graphene mode-locked all-fiber laser

Passively Mode-Locked 1.93-㎛ All-Fiberized Femtosecond MOPA Laser Using a Gold-Deposited Side-Polished Fiber

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