“…Similar to the spread of bla VIM-2 in bacteria of clinical origin, the mobile genetic elements, such as Tn5090, Tn1403, intl1, and IS6100, may play an important role in the dissemination of the bla VIM gene and its conserved flanking regions in bacteria among food animals (16,17,24). Our study has found MBL-producing Pseudomonas isolates not only in the livestock but also in their surrounding environment, suggesting that surveillance of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in livestock and their surrounding environment is urgently needed.…”