To what extent is integration pursued in compulsory planning tools concerning coastal and marine areas? Evidences from two Mediterranean protected areas

What Are the Impacts of a Coastal Zone Protection Policy on Farmers’ Livelihood Capital? Empirical Analysis From the Perspective of Farmer Participation

“…It is urgent to formulate effective coastal ecological protection policies to restore and protect coastal ecological environments (Lai and Leone, 2020). Therefore, formulating coastal ecological protection policies is a research hotspot.…”

“…For advocating ecological environmental protection in today's society (Rao et al, 2018), coastal zones provide valuable production and living space for human beings worldwide, and the strategic positions of coastal zones are becoming increasingly prominent worldwide (Yu et al, 2010;Islam and Shamsuddoha, 2018;Rojas et al, 2019). Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the necessary restoration and protection of coastal ecological environments, and a series of studies have been carried out in coastal areas to formulate coastal ecological environment protection policies (van de Graaff et al, 1991;Rojas et al, 2019;Economou et al, 2020;Lai and Leone, 2020). Current researches mainly focus on the significant positive externalities that are brought about by the formulation and implementation of coastal ecological protection policies on the social economy and environment (Bennett et al, 2018;Nguyen et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2020), but pay little attention to the differences of their impacts on the well-being of social groups, especially negative externalities that may have adverse impacts on the well-being of coastal farmers who are closely related to coastal ecological protection.…”

Challenges of territorial planning in the Medirerranean arc: a retrospective evaluation based on GIS analysis of the spatial planning instruments of the Region de Murcia

“…"La manifestación formal de la relación sensible de los individuos y de las sociedades en el espacio y en el tiempo con un territorio más o menos intensamente modelado por los factores sociales, económicos y culturales. El paisaje es así el resultado de la combinación de los aspectos naturales, culturales, históricos, funcionales y visuales" (Lai & Leone, 2020).…”

“…Con sólo el 7% de la superficie del planeta acoge al 18,3% de la población urbana y al 23,7% de las aglomeraciones mayores de 10.000 habitantes. Su rico legado histórico determina que la red de pequeñas y medianas ciudades sea una característica esencial de la misma y una extraordinaria oportunidad para consolidar modelos no congestivos de ocupación del territorio continental (Lai & Leone, 2020).…”