Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Breast Implant Capsules

Segreto, Francesco; Carotti, Simone; Tosi, Daniele; Pendolino, Alfonso Luca; Marangi, Giovanni Francesco; Morini, Sergio; Persichetti, Paolo

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000479941.42174.f1

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bachour et al in 2019 compared the expression of toll-like receptors in contracted and noncontracted capsules: they found a higher expression of TLR in contracted capsules than uncontracted, and the differences were significant for TLR-2, TLR-6 and TLR-8 [ 85 ]. The macrophage activation leads to cytokines and chemokines secretion such as IL-8 and TNF-alpha, producing an increased inflammatory response usually founded in contracted capsules [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review

Cuomo

2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare malignancy linked to texturized breast implants. Although many researchers focus on its etiopathogenesis, this topic is affected by a lack of evidence. Materials and Methods: A literature review about BIA-ALCL was made. Results and conclusions: Although the incidence is reported between 1:355–1:30,000, there is great attention to BIA-ALCL. The incidence is uncertain due to many reasons. It may well be lower, due to inclusion in multiple databases as pointed out by the FDA and undiagnosed cases. The role of chronic inflammation, bacterial contamination, and mechanical forces was discussed. Clarification is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the progression of alterations and mutations for BIA-ALCL; new molecular analysis and pathogenetic models should be investigated.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review

Cuomo

2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only one study investigated the role of TLR expression in breast capsules. Segreto et al [42], investigated the expression of TLR4 and its relationship with estrogen receptor expression. They found TLR4 expression in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with a positive correlation with estrogen receptor-β expression in capsular contracture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TLR4 is, however, mostly known to be one of the major receptors for the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand on Gram-negative bacteria [10, 29]. Upregulation in contracted capsules as observed by Segreto et al [42] could suggest that TLR4 is activated by the presence of bacteria. It would have been valuable if they would also have investigated bacterial presence on their capsules to strengthen this theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Expression in Contracted Capsules Compared to Uncontracted Capsules

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction The etiology of capsular contracture after surgical implantation of breast implants remains unclear, but an important role is seen for the immune system. Toll-like receptors are immune receptors recognizing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. The former are present on bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis (bacteria earlier associated with capsular contracture), and the latter are released after (mechanical) stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TLRs 1–10 in relation to capsular contracture. Materials and Methods Fifty consecutive breast capsules were collected during implant removal or replacement. The extent of capsular contracture was scored according to the Baker score. A sample specimen (0.5 cm 3 ) was obtained from all tissues. cDNA was synthesized from isolated mRNA from the collected specimens. PCR analyses were conducted to test for cDNA presence and to quantify concentration. TLR1–10 expression was measured for each of the Baker scores separately and compared to all Baker scores. Results Expression of all TLRs in all Baker scores was seen. TLR2 and TLR6 were more often present in contracted samples (Baker 3 or 4) compared to uncontracted samples (Baker 1 or 2) [Baker 2 vs. 3 ( p = 0.034) and Baker 2 vs. 3 ( p = 0.003), respectively]. None of the TLRs displayed a significantly higher expression in contracted capsules compared to uncontracted capsules. Conclusion This study shows that TLR2 and TLR6 are more often expressed in contracted capsules compared to non-contracted capsules however not in higher concentrations. Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

show abstract

“…Capsular contracture is a fibrotic process frequently observed following a breast implant placement; although its mechanisms are poorly understood, the role of fibroblasts is an active topic of research. 50 Studies have found that estrogen receptor expression by capsular myofibroblasts in patients is associated with an increased αSMA expression and capsular thickness, 51 , 52 while clinically, antiestrogenic therapy is associated with a less-severe contracture, 52 suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting capsular myofibroblasts.…”

Section: Parenchymal Fibroblasts and Organ Fibrosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibroblast Heterogeneity in and Its Implications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Basic Science Review

desJardins-Park

Chinta

Foster

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Fibroblasts’ integral role in tissue development, maintenance, and disease represents a fast-growing field of basic science research. Although fibroblasts were long thought to be a homogeneous cell population, recent research has illuminated the unforeseen complexity of these cells, giving rise to the rapidly expanding research field of “fibroblast heterogeneity.” Fibroblasts play a critical role in states of tissue fibrosis such as skin scarring, which affects hundreds of millions of patients annually and causes severe aesthetic, developmental, and functional morbidity. Beyond scarring, major organ fibrosis is an enormous public health concern responsible for nearly half of all deaths in the United States. Because fibrosis is a conserved response to tissue damage in all organs, the study of fibroblasts throughout the body may help us to understand their role in the conditions most relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery—for instance, skin scarring (eg, from burns, traumatic lacerations, or surgical incisions), “pathological” scarring (hypertrophic scars, keloids), and capsular contracture. Here, we present a basic science review of fibroblast heterogeneity in wound healing, cancer, organ fibrosis, and human dermal architecture. The field of fibroblast heterogeneity is young, and many of the insights discussed have yet to be translated clinically. However, plastic surgeons stand in a unique position to bridge these discoveries into clinical realities. We hope this information can spur readers to consider both what questions in plastic surgery can be studied from the lens of fibroblast heterogeneity, and how these preclinical insights can be translated to improving care of our patients.

show abstract

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Breast Implant Capsules

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review

The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Expression in Contracted Capsules Compared to Uncontracted Capsules

Fibroblast Heterogeneity in and Its Implications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Basic Science Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About