Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study

Increased proportions of circulating pro‐inflammatory monocytes and macrophages expressing toll‐like receptor 4 in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder receiving medication

“…The major finding in both SCZ and BPD patients receiving psychotropic medication is increased proportions of circulating classical (TLR4+) proinflammatory (M1) monocytes and macrophages compared to normal controls. We provide in‐vivo evidence suggesting that enhanced peripheral TLR4 expression/activity occurs in SCZ and in BPD 6,7 . Inappropriate activation of TLRs, mainly TLR4, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.…”

“…We provide in-vivo evidence suggesting that enhanced peripheral TLR4 expression/activity occurs in SCZ and in BPD. 6,7 Inappropriate activation of TLRs, mainly TLR4, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although medicated SCZ and BPD patients are at risk of metabolic abnormalities, their significantly lower mean cholesterol levels than those in NCs do not explain their elevated proportions of TLR4+ monocytes.…”

The role of Toll‐like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management

“…The study also revealed a lack of relationship between various SNP genotypes and PANSS, aside from rs1927914 and general neuropsychological profiles. This work indicates a valuable linkage among TLR4 rs11356889/rs1927911 minor alleles and schizophrenia 277 . Also in 2022, Sharma 278 and colleagues evaluated four polymorphisms, TLR1/2/4/6 to investigate their function in susceptibility to SCZ in the Dogra population of the Jammu area.…”

“…Refined comprehension of the stimuli and processes that contribute to this feedback may result in break-through in schizophrenia pharmacotherapy and better manage the adverse consequences of antipsychotics use. 22,[273][274][275][276] In 2022, the link between TLR4 polymorphisms and predisposition to schizophrenia was evaluated by Mostafa et al 277 Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), four SNPs were explored in the TLR4 gene rs11536889, rs10759931, rs1927911, and rs1927914. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was utilized in diagnosis and evaluation.…”

“…This work indicates a valuable linkage among TLR4 rs11356889/ rs1927911 minor alleles and schizophrenia. 277 Also in 2022, Sharma 278 and colleagues evaluated four polymorphisms, TLR1/2/4/6 to investigate their function in susceptibility to SCZ in the Dogra population of the Jammu area. A meaningful association of TLR2 (rs3804099) was found in the studied sample, the C allele of rs3804099 was related to an elevated risk for SCZ.…”