Toll-like receptor-9 expression induced by tape-stripping triggers on effective immune response with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides

Inoue, Joe; Aramaki, Yukihiko

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.075

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Continuing with their studies, Inoue et al [82] also demonstrated that TS induces the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 in the skin, and enhances the Th1-type immune response triggered by CpG-ODN administered through the tape-stripped skin. TS induces the expression of TLR-9 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the skin, and CpG-ODN treatment through the tape-stripped skin enhances the migration of antigen-presenting cells to the draining lymph nodes.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 79%

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The Tape-Stripping Technique as a Method for Drug Quantification in Skin

Merino-Sanjuán²,

et al. 2008

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-Quantification of drugs within the skin is essential for topical and transdermal delivery research. Over the last two decades, horizontal sectioning, consisting of tape stripping throughout the stratum corneum, has become one of the traditional investigative techniques.Tape stripping of human stratum corneum is widely used as a method for studying the kinetics and penetration depth of drugs. This paper shows the applications of the tape stripping technique to quantify drug penetration through the skin, underlining its versatile application in the area of topical and transdermal drugs.

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…LCs and dermal DCs commonly exist in the skin and are easy to target [80]. The TS technique has been used to study the effect of oligodeoxynucleotides on the immune response [81] and expression of immune receptors [82].…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tape-Stripping Technique as a Method for Drug Quantification in Skin

Merino-Sanjuán²,

et al. 2008

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“…In fact, Staphylococcus epidermidis activates TLR2 to induce b-defensin, but this did not happen in TLR2-deficient mice (15). Furthermore, tape stripping induces TLR9 mRNA expression in the skin (16). In MyD88-deficient mice, inflammatory response after tape stripping was significantly suppressed (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Activation of TLR2 Enhances Tight Junction Barrier in Epidermal Keratinocytes

Tobisawa¹,

Yoshida²,

Akazawa³

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

114

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The epidermis has developed physical and immunological barriers that prevent infiltration of deleterious chemicals and pathogens. As a first step to understanding the relationship between these barriers, we investigated whether TLR2 activation functionally alters tight junctions (TJs) in cultured human keratinocytes. Stimulation with peptidoglycan, a ligand for TLR2, elevated the TJ-associated barrier in the space of 3 h. The increase in TJ-associated barrier function due to peptidoglycan stimulation was suppressed by the knockdown of TLR adaptor MyD88 or the pretreatment with TLR2-neutralizing Ab, indicating that TLR2 activation enhanced TJ-associated barrier. One and 3 h after peptidoglycan stimulation, expression levels of the TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1, claudin-4, and ZO-1 were unchanged. However, immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the association of phospho-atypical protein kinase Cζ/ι, crucial for TJ biogenesis, with occludin was increased. Significantly, inhibition of atypical protein kinase Cζ/ι activity completely blocked the immediate elevation of the TJ-associated barrier. Finally, peptidoglycan was applied to the stratum corneum surface of a human skin equivalent, and the TJ barrier was evaluated. In the space of 3 h after the stimulation, the amount of intercellular tracer in the stratum corneum incubated from the dermal side was reduced, indicating that the TJ barrier is strengthened via TLR2 activation. Taken together, our findings indicated that infiltration of pathogens into the epidermis immediately enhanced TJ function via TLR2 signaling. Furthermore, the dynamically controlled TJs in skin are considered fundamental in preventing further invasion of pathogens and maintaining cutaneous barrier homeostasis.

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“…By disrupting the skin-barrier, a "natural" adjuvant effect can be achieved through activation of the Langerhans cells (24,25). Recently, it has been demonstrated that tape stripping can induce TLR 9 expression (25,26). Epicutaneous immunization on tape stripped skin induces potent antigen-specific systemic IgG2a responses against a topically applied antigen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of TLR expression and APC activation by adjuvants varies with adjuvant and end point but usually peaks between 6 and 48 h (22,(26)(27)(28) whereas luciferase expression peaks after 24 to 48 h (3). Hence, electroporation was applied immediately before their injection or tape stripping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%