2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.04.016
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Toll-like receptor pathways in the immune responses to mycobacteria

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Cited by 241 publications
(196 citation statements)
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References 159 publications
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“…The transcription of the genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines is under control of signals induced by pattern recognition receptors on the immune cells. TLR have been shown to be pivotal in the recognition of M. tuberculosis and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines [26]. In our study, the induction of IL-1b by M. tuberculosis is mediated by pathways involving TLR2 and TLR6.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…The transcription of the genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines is under control of signals induced by pattern recognition receptors on the immune cells. TLR have been shown to be pivotal in the recognition of M. tuberculosis and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines [26]. In our study, the induction of IL-1b by M. tuberculosis is mediated by pathways involving TLR2 and TLR6.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…Initial detection of MTb involves a number of receptors on phagocytes, including several Tolllike receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptor 2 (NOD2), complement receptors, the mannose receptor (MR), dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) (CD209), surfactant protein A (Sp-A) receptor, the class A scavenger receptor, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and possibly dectin-1 [4,[11][12][13][14]. The TLRs are a family of transmembrane proteins that are known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).…”
Section: Disease Mechanism 1: Macrophages Genetics and The Innate Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Through recognition of specific microbial ligands, TLRs activate inflammatory signaling pathways [8][9][10]. There are a number of components of the mycobacterial cell wall that stimulate TLRs, including lipoproteins, the MTb cell wall core structure mucolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex (mAGP), lipids, and LAM [11,12]. In vitro studies indicate that TB is recognized by several TLRs, including TLR2 (as a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6), TLR9, and possibly also TLR4 [4,11,12].…”
Section: Disease Mechanism 1: Macrophages Genetics and The Innate Imentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The mycobacterial components, having pathogen-associated molecular patterns in CFA, activate antigen-presenting cells via pattern recognition receptors that direct T cells toward a Th1-or Th17-type immune responses characterized by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-␥, and IL-17. 11,12 On the other hand, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), without any mycobacterium, deviates the immune response toward Th2 type. 13,14 However, use of strong adjuvants precludes our understanding of the actual immune responses to the self-protein, CII and associated pathological pathways.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%