Tomate canario de exportación: una evaluación de costes

Abstract

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los costes de producción de tomate de exportación en Canarias y compararlos con los de sus principales competidores. Se ha adoptado un enfoque de costes basados en las actividades. La información se ha obtenido a partir de las respuestas proporcionadas por una muestra de agricultores y centros de empaquetado a dos cuestionarios relativos, respectivamente, a las fases de cultivo y empaquetado desarrolladas en una campaña agrícola. Finalmente, se ha evaluado el coste de transporte y distribución hasta la venta al mayorista en el destino europeo. El resultado es que, una vez contemplados los costes financieros, un kilogramo de tomate puesto en el punto de venta en destino europeo costaría algo más de 1,05 euros en el caso canario, aproximadamente 80 céntimos de euro para el tomate peninsular y claramente menos de 70 céntimos para el marroquí.

On-farm reduced irrigation and fertilizer doses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation improve water productivity in tomato production

“…Irrigation costs in med-tech systems, such as the one adopted in all three experiments reported here, are about 4% of variable costs, while fertilizers amount to around 8% of those costs (Cáceres- Hernández et al 2018). Even not considering eventual savings in energy used for irrigation, a 19% reduction of two inputs (water and fertilizers, which amount to 12% of total cost) corresponds to a 2.3% decrease in total costs.…”

“…That corresponds to blue water (Lovarelli et al, 2016), taken from an aquifer, which also demands the use of energy, installation, and equipment maintenance, and such savings are, therefore, substantial. Those cost reductions would correspond to around 1400 € ha -1 , assuming the water price at 0,25 € m -3 (Cáceres Hernández et al, 2018).…”

Analysis of Intermodal Transport Potentials for Vegetables Export from Southeast Spain

“…In general terms, using sea shipping as part of an intermodal system might help to maintain costs and, therefore, improve the competitiveness of fruit and vegetables exporters in southeast Spain. This aspect is especially important in a sector where international competition, from outside Europe (for example, Morocco), follows a competitive strategy based on low prices [49], which includes sea shipping to ports in Northern Europe [16].…”

The European tomato market. An approach by export competitiveness maps

“…After 2012, when Morocco started to export by a new Free Trade Agreement to the European Union, Spain had to change its strategy, focusing on product differentiation, since it cannot compete with Morocco regarding costs. In this respect, Morocco has a more competitive production cost structure with lower labour costs (1.12 euros/hour) than Spain (8.37 euros/hour) [53]. It is worth noting that the Netherlands stands out in the post-crisis period as the leading country, with its strategy of purchasing in bulk, re-exporting and splitting up the product presentation, which has allowed the increase of exports and value-added products, even without having its own production of tomatoes for internal supply and maintenance of its client markets (Fig 8).…”