Tomato apical stunt viroid in the Netherlands: most prevalent pospiviroid in ornamentals and first outbreak in tomatoes

Verhoeven, J. Th. J.; Botermans, Marleen; Meekes, E.T.M.; Roenhorst, J. W.

doi:10.1007/s10658-012-0005-6

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In recent years, viroid disease outbreaks on tomatoes have been reported frequently both in Europe [ 25 , 26 ] and North America [ 4 , 27 – 31 ]. These viroids include Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), Mexican papita viroid (MPVd), Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) , Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) , and Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production

Baysal-Gurel

Abdo

et al. 2015

Virol J

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BackgroundIn recent years, a number of serious disease outbreaks caused by viruses and viroids on greenhouse tomatoes in North America have resulted in significant economic losses to growers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial disinfectants against mechanical transmission of these pathogens, and to select disinfectants with broad spectrum reactivity to control general virus and viroid diseases in greenhouse tomato production.MethodsA total of 16 disinfectants were evaluated against Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The efficacy of each disinfectant to deactivate the pathogen’s infectivity was evaluated in replicate experiments from at least three independent experiments. Any infectivity that remained in the treated solutions was assessed through bioassays on susceptible tomato plants through mechanical inoculation using inocula that had been exposed with the individual disinfectant for three short time periods (0–10 sec, 30 sec and 60 sec). A positive infection on the inoculated plant was determined through symptom observation and confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PepMV, ToMV, and TMV) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (PSTVd). Experimental data were analyzed using Logistic regression and the Bayesian methodology.ResultsStatistical analyses using logistic regression and the Bayesian methodology indicated that two disinfectants (2% Virkon S and 10% Clorox regular bleach) were the most effective to prevent transmission of PepMV, PSTVd, ToMV, and TMV from mechanical inoculation. Lysol all-purpose cleaner (50%) and nonfat dry milk (20%) were also effective against ToMV and TMV, but with only partial effects for PepMV and PSTVd.ConclusionWith the broad spectrum efficacy against three common viruses and a viroid, several disinfectants, including 2% Virkon S, 10% Clorox regular bleach and 20% nonfat dry milk, are recommend to greenhouse facilities for consideration to prevent general virus and viroid infection on tomato plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production

Baysal-Gurel

Abdo

et al. 2015

Virol J

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“…38 , Petunia hybrida 55 , marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens) 26,36 , Solanum jasminoides 56 , Vinca sp. 39,57 and 8 wild chrysanthemum species 29 , C. crassum, C. indicum var. indicum, C. japonense var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Matsushita

2013

JARQ

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The chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) is a small, single-stranded, infectious RNA forming a circular secondary structure, which belongs to the Pospiviroidae family and mainly infects certain species and cultivars of Compositae and Solanaceae. The effects on cultivated chrysanthemum are severe, including stunting of plant height, reduced flower size, and flower color bleaching. However, the expression of the symptoms depends on the chrysanthemum cultivars. CSVd is known to be readily transmitted by sap, but the infection rate and incubation period were observed to differ according to the varieties. Some CSVd-resistant cultivars have also been reported and the resistance is heritable in crosses between a CSVd-resistant chrysanthemum cultivar and CSVd-susceptible cultivars.

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“…1). Thus, the viroid-like RNA from dahlia might be either a variant of PCFVd -genus Pospiviroid comprising ten species, many of which infect different hosts including various ornamentals (Owens et al, 2011;Verhoeven et al, 2012) -or a novel viroid species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dahlia latent viroid: a recombinant new species of the family Pospiviroidae posing intriguing questions about its origin and classification

Verhoeven¹,

Meekes²,

Roenhorst³

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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A viroid-like RNA has been detected in two asymptomatic dahlia accessions by return and double PAGE. It appeared smaller than Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and Potato spindle tuber viroid, the two members of the genus Pospiviroid, family Pospiviroidae, reported in this ornamental previously. RT-PCR with primers designed for amplifying all pospiviroids produced no amplicons, but RT-PCR with random primers revealed a 342 nt RNA. The sequence of this RNA was confirmed with specific primers, which additionally revealed its presence in many dahlia cultivars. The RNA was named Dahlia latent viroid (DLVd) because it replicates autonomously, but symptomlessly, in dahlia and shares maximum sequence identity with other viroids of less than 56 %. Furthermore, DLVd displays characteristic features of the family Pospiviroidae: a predicted rod-like secondary structure of minimum free energy with a central conserved region (CCR), and the ability to form the metastable structures hairpins I and II. Its CCR is identical to that of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd, genus Hostuviroid). However, DLVd: (i) has the terminal conserved region present in members of the genus Pospiviroid, but absent in HSVd, and (ii) lacks the terminal conserved hairpin present in HSVd. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that HSVd and Pepper chat fruit viroid (genus Pospiviroid) are the closest relatives of DLVd, but DLVd differs from these viroids in its host range, restricted to dahlia so far. Therefore, while DLVd fulfils the criteria to be a novel species of the family Pospiviroidae, its recombinant origin makes assignment to the genera Pospiviroid or Hostuviroid problematic.

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Tomato apical stunt viroid in the Netherlands: most prevalent pospiviroid in ornamentals and first outbreak in tomatoes

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production

Evaluation of disinfectants to prevent mechanical transmission of viruses and a viroid in greenhouse tomato production

Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Dahlia latent viroid: a recombinant new species of the family Pospiviroidae posing intriguing questions about its origin and classification

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