Tomato seeds as a novel by-product feed for lactating dairy cows

Abstract

Whole tomato seeds, a novel by-product feedstuff, were fed to lactating Holstein cows to determine the nutritive value of whole tomato seeds by replacing whole cottonseed in the total mixed ration. Four primiparous and 4 multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design and fed 1 of 4 total mixed rations. Whole tomato seeds replaced whole cottonseed on a weight-to-weight basis for lipid. The proportion of whole tomato seeds to whole cottonseed in the diets were 100:0, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 on a lipid basis. Thus, tomato seeds were 4.0, 2.4, 1.1, and 0% of the ration dry matter, respectively. Milk yield and the concentrations and yields of protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat did not differ for the effect of diet. However, milk fat concentration decreased and milk fat yield tended to decrease as whole tomato seeds replaced whole cottonseed. Intakes of dry matter, lipid, and crude protein did not differ. Whole-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and ash-free neutral detergent fiber did not differ, but digestibility of total fatty acids and crude protein decreased with increasing proportion of whole tomato seeds. Urea concentration in milk and plasma both decreased with increasing whole tomato seeds. Fecal concentration of linoleic and α-linolenic acids increased with increasing whole tomato seeds, suggesting that seeds were passing out of the digestive tract undigested. The concentrations of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 in milk fat had small increases, but their yields were not different, suggesting that only a small amount of whole-tomato-seed lipid might have been digested postruminally. Amounts of trans C18:1 fatty acids in milk fat were higher with increasing whole cottonseed, which might suggest a shift in rumen biohydrogenation pathways. At the level of feeding used in the current study, whole tomato seeds replaced whole cottonseed in the diet of lactating dairy cows without a change in production.

Fruit and Vegetable Co-Products as Functional Feed Ingredients in Farm Animal Nutrition for Improved Product Quality

“…For instance, lower concentrations and yields of milk fat have been reported in dairy cows fed on diets containing tomato seeds at certain inclusion levels, due to decreased digestibility of total fatty acids and crude protein [77]. Similarly, retarded growth has been observed in broilers fed on diets supplemented with grape seed extracts [78,79], also due to reduced protein digestibility [78].…”

Sustainable Management and Valorization of Agri-Food Industrial Wastes and By-Products as Animal Feed: For Ruminants, Non-Ruminants and as Poultry Feed

“…Supplementing animal feed with FVWs at certain proportions could lead to adverse effects on animal performance, expressed as a decrease in milk yield or inhibited weight gain both in ruminant and monogastric animals [33][34][35]. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the nutritional value, the content of active compounds and bioavailability of FVWs.…”

A life cycle assessment of biosolarization as a valorization pathway for tomato pomace utilization in California

“…In 2007, about 260,000 t (fresh weight) of tomato pomace was produced by the California tomato processing industry (Matteson et al, 2007), which had increased to approximately 388,856 t (fresh weight) by 2014 (Morning Star, 2014). The majority of agricultural by-products are incorporated by dairy farmers into their feed rations (Silvadel-Río et al, 2010), and tomato pomace has been successfully used as a component of the ration in some California dairies (Cassinerio et al, 2015). If tomato pomace were to be diverted to biosolarization, an ideal location would be the San Joaquin Valley, one of CA's major eggplant cultivation regions (Aguiar, 2016), and where many of the tomato processors operate.…”