Tongue forces and handgrip strength in normal individuals: association with swallowing

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:To describe and correlate tongue force and grip strength measures and to verify the association of these measures with water swallowing in different age groups.METHOD:Tongue force was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument and grip strength using the Hand Grip in 90 normal individuals, who were divided into three groups: young (18-39 years old), adult (40-59 years old) and elderly (above 60 years old) individuals. The time and number of swallows required for the continuous ingestion of 200 ml of water were also measured.RESULTS:A reduction in tongue force and grip strength, as well as an increase in the time required to drink 200 ml of water, were observed with increasing participant age. There was no difference in the number of swallows among the three groups. A correlation was observed between reductions in tongue force and grip strength in the groups of young and elderly individuals.CONCLUSION:There were differences in the measures of tongue force in young, adult and elderly individuals. Greater variations within these differences were observed when repeated movements were performed; in addition, a decrease in strength was associated with an increase in age. The decrease in tongue force among the elderly was offset by the increase in time needed to swallow the liquid. There was an association between the measures of tongue force and grip strength in the different age groups. The results of this study can be applied clinically and may act as a basis for guidelines in healthy or vulnerable elderly populations.

Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength

“…Handgrip strength is simple to measure and is a very common indicator of skeletal muscle strength. It has been reported that tongue strength is correlated with HGS in adult and elderly individuals . In the present study, multivariate regression analysis showed that HGS was an independent factor influencing TP in adult patients but not in elderly patients.…”

Desempenho funcional da língua na deformidade dentofacial

“…O instrumento mais utilizado na literatura internacional é o Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), comercializado pela IOPI Medical LLC, USA, onde é mensurada a pressão gerada pelo contato entre a língua e o bulbo (ADAMS et al, 2013). Vários pesquisadores utilizaram esse instrumento para avaliar a pressão de língua em sujeitos normais, em provas de elevação, protrusão, lateralidade, deglutição e resistência (CLARK et al, 2003;CLARK et al, 2009;SOLOMON, 2012;GINGRICH et al, 2012;MENDES et al, 2015;PRANDINI, 2014;LUSCHEI, 2000;SOLOMON, et al 2008;SOMODI;LUSCHEI, 1995;YOUMANS, 2009;VANDERWEGEN;GUNS;NUFFELEN, 2013;STIERWALT, 2006 Algumas pesquisas também avaliaram a correlação entre os achados da avaliação de força de língua com o IOPI e avaliações realizadas na prática clínica e encontraram que existe correlação, variando de acordo com a prova (CLARK et al, 2003;SOLOMON et al, 2008) e também variando de acordo com a experiência do avaliador (CLARK et al, 2003).…”

“…Considerando possíveis influências do gênero (GINGRICH et al, 2012;YOUMANS, 2007;JULIE;STIERWALT, 2006) e da idade (CLARK; SOLOMON, 2012;MENDES et al, 2015;MUNSON, 2004;VANDERWEGEN;GUNS;NUFFELEN, 2013;JULIE;STIERWALT, 2006;STIERWALT, 2009), nas diferentes pressões de língua, os grupos da pesquisa foram semelhantes nesses aspectos.…”

“…Pesquisadores investigaram a pressão máxima de contração da língua, em sujeitos saudáveis (CLARK et al, 2003;CLARK et al, 2009;SOLOMON, 2012;GINGRICH et al, 2012;MENDES et al, 2015;LUSCHEI, 2000;SOLOMON, et al 2008;SOMODI;LUSCHEI, 1995;YOUMANS, 2009;VANDERWEGEN;GUNS;NUFFELEN, 2013;STIERWALT, 2006;JULIE;STIERWALT, 2006;STIERWALT, 2009) e em sujeitos com acometimentos neurológicos (CLARK et al, 2003;LUSCHEI, 2000;SOLOMON, et al 2008;YOUMANS, 2007). Outros estudos investigaram a pressão de língua durante a função de deglutição, com o IOPI, em sujeitos normais (GINGRICH et al 2012;STIERWALT 2006;YOUMAN;STIERWALT, 2009) e com alteração de deglutição (CLARK et al, 2003).…”

Estudo da relação entre a anatomia da língua, o nervo vago e a promoção da saúde em praticantes de Yoga.

“…Assim como todo músculo esquelético, a língua pode também desenvolver sarcopenia. De fato, tem sido demonstrado que a difi culdade de deglutição observada em pessoas de idade avançada pode estar relacionada a este processo de perda muscular 16 .…”