Tools to kill: Genome of one of the most destructive plant pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina

Islam, Serajul; Haque, Samiul; Islam, Mohammad Moinul; Emdad, Emdadul Mannan; Halim, Abdul Karimi; Hossen, Quazi Md. Mosaddeque; Hossain, Zakir; Ahmed, Borhan; Rahim, Sifatur; Rahman, Shibley; Alam, Monjurul; Hou, Shaobin; Wan, Xuehua; Saito, Jennifer A.; Alam, Maqsudul

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-493

Cited by 226 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…After the phase out of methyl bromide, its control has become increasingly troublesome (Islam et al 2012;Kaur et al 2012;Chamorro et al 2015). The identification of sources of resistance to this fungus can facilitate the management of this emerging disease in melons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

et al. 2015

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reported to be useful for predicting shoot resistance, were performed, and plants were scored using a scale of disease severity. The average disease severity was calculated for each accession and was used to cluster the accession in five reaction classes. The screening revealed that sources of natural resistance to this fungus are limited. However, seedlings of seven accessions of different botanic groups displayed a resistant response to the stem inoculation, one cantaloup from Israel, one conomon accession from Korea, two wild agrestis and one acidulus from Africa, and two dudaim accessions from Middle East. The response of the F1 progenies varied from susceptibility to high resistance, the latter in progenies from the two agrestis wild types. These results suggest differences in the genetic basis of the resistance in the different selected sources. The resistant accessions are suggested to be screened under field conditions to confirm the level of resistance at adult plant stage and under stressful conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

et al. 2015

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“…Reads from each library were assembled de novo with Trinity (39) with kmers of 25 and 30. Assembled contigs were compared to a customized database that combined predicted proteomes from M. phaseolina (40), D. longicolla (41), R. solani, (http://rsolani.org), and S. sclerotiorum (42) and the NCBI viral reference amino acid sequence database (1 October 2015 release) using USEARCH (43). Hits annotated with "virus" or "viral" were retrieved and compared to the NCBI "nonredundant" (nr) database using BLASTX.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Diverse Mycoviruses through Metatranscriptomics Characterization of the Viromes of Five Major Fungal Plant Pathogens

Marzano

Nelson

Ajayi-Oyetunde

et al. 2016

J Virol

234

224

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Mycoviruses can have a marked effect on natural fungal communities and influence plant health and productivity. However, a comprehensive picture of mycoviral diversity is still lacking. To characterize the viromes of five widely dispersed plant-pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum truncatum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Diaporthe longicolla, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a high-throughput sequencing-based metatranscriptomic approach was used to detect viral sequences. Total RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from mycelia and RNA from samples enriched for virus particles were sequenced. Sequence data were assembled de novo, and contigs with predicted amino acid sequence similarities to viruses in the nonredundant protein database were selected. The analysis identified 72 partial or complete genome segments representing 66 previously undescribed mycoviruses. Using primers specific for each viral contig, at least one fungal isolate was identified that contained each virus. The novel mycoviruses showed affinity with 15 distinct lineages: Barnaviridae, Benyviridae, Chrysoviridae, Endornaviridae, Fusariviridae, Hypoviridae, Mononegavirales, Narnaviridae, Ophioviridae, Ourmiavirus, Partitiviridae, Tombusviridae, Totiviridae, Tymoviridae, and Virgaviridae. More than half of the viral sequences were predicted to be members of the Mitovirus genus in the family Narnaviridae, which replicate within mitochondria. Five viral sequences showed strong affinity with three families (Benyviridae, Ophioviridae, and Virgaviridae) that previously contained no mycovirus species. The genomic information provides insight into the diversity and taxonomy of mycoviruses and coevolution of mycoviruses and their fungal hosts. IMPORTANCEPlant-pathogenic fungi reduce crop yields, which affects food security worldwide. Plant host resistance is considered a sustainable disease management option but may often be incomplete or lacking for some crops to certain fungal pathogens or strains. In addition, the rising issues of fungicide resistance demand alternative strategies to reduce the negative impacts of fungal pathogens. Those fungus-infecting viruses (mycoviruses) that attenuate fungal virulence may be welcome additions for mitigation of plant diseases. By high-throughput sequencing of the RNAs from 275 isolates of five fungal plant pathogens, 66 previously undescribed mycoviruses were identified. In addition to identifying new potential biological control agents, these results expand the grand view of the diversity of mycoviruses and provide possible insights into the importance of intracellular and extracellular transmission in fungus-virus coevolution. R ecent metatranscriptomic and metagenomic studies of animals, fungi, insects, plants, and environmental samples have shown that mycoviruses are ubiquitous in nature (1-10). Analyses of viral metagenomes (i.e., viromes) of environmental samples suggest that the field of virology has discovered less than 1% of the existing viral diversity, and the rate of discovery by metage...

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“…It primarily infects its host plants through black and multi-celled (50 to 200 individual cells) microsclerotia which are hyphal cells aggregates formed by joining melanin material (Holliday, 1995). Microsclerotia may plug the vascular vessels with consequences in plant wilting (Islam et al, 2012). When the infected plant is decayed, the microsclerotia are carried to the soil and persist there for more than three years (Dhinga and Sinclair, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

2017

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-Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL -1 ) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL -1 ) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.Keywords: antifungal activity, London rocket, plant extracts. (3,125, 6,25, …, 200 RESUMO -

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Tools to kill: Genome of one of the most destructive plant pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina

Cited by 226 publications

References 72 publications

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

Identification of Diverse Mycoviruses through Metatranscriptomics Characterization of the Viromes of Five Major Fungal Plant Pathogens

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

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