Toothpaste with Nanosized Trimetaphosphate Reduces Enamel Demineralization

Abstract

This double-blind crossover study assessed the effects of a lowfluoride (low-F) dentifrice containing nanosized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization in situ. Nineteen subjects wore palatal appliances containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel and were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with placebo (without F/TMP), 250-ppm F (250F), 250F plus 0.05% nanosized TMP (250F-TMPnano), and 1,100ppm F (1,100F) dentifrices during 7 d, under cariogenic challenge. Enamel surface hardness and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN [Knoop hardness number]), as well as F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, were determined. Also, biofilm that formed on the blocks was analyzed for F, Ca, P, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations. Data were submitted to analysis-of-variance models and Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). The 250F-TMPnano dentifrice promoted the lowest ΔKHN among all groups (P < 0.001), while the percentage of surface hardness loss was similar to 1,100F. Also, similar F, Ca, and P concentrations in enamel were observed for 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano. In the biofilm, the highest F content was observed for 1,100F; Ca content was similar between 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano; and P content was similar among all groups. Similar extracellular polysaccharide values were observed for 250F-TMPnano and 1,100F (P < 0.001), ionic activity of CaHPO 4 0 , CaF + , and HF 0 (P < 0.05) and degree of saturation of hydroxyapatite and CaF 2 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the protective effect of 250F-TMPnano dentifrice was similar to a conventional dentifrice for most of the variables studied, having a more pronounced effect on the subsurface lesion when compared with the conventional toothpaste (1,100F). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Although toothpastes containing ≥1,000-ppm fluoride are more effective than low-fluoride formulations against dental caries, their early use can lead to side effects. This has prompted intensive research on alternatives to increase the anticaries effect of lowfluoride toothpastes. The present in situ study demonstrated that the addition of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles to toothpastes containing 250-ppm fluoride significantly enhances the protective effect of this formulation against enamel demineralization to levels comparable to a 1,100-ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of most of the variables studied. Most important, this formulation promoted the lowest loss of subsurface hardness among all groups, suggesting that caries lesions would take longer to develop under clinical conditions when compared with a conventional (1,100-fluoride) toothpaste.

Advanced non-fluoride approaches to dental enamel remineralization: The next level in enamel repair management

“…It appears, however, that calcium and phosphate diffusion is not affected [ 199 , 204 ]. In addition, STMP can minimize mineral loss even in the presence of low fluoride concentrations, which has been proven in several in-vitro, in-situ and in-vivo studies [ 202 , [205] , [206] , [207] , [208] ].…”

Dentinal tubule obliteration using toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles

“…The toothpastes were produced with the following components: titanium dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl-phydroxybenzoate sodium, saccharin, mint oil, glycerin, abrasive silica, sodium lauryl sulfate, and deionized water. Toothpastes containing 3% of microparticles TMP (Aldrich Chemistry, CAS 7785-84-4, China) with average particle size of approximately 400 nm (TMPmicro) or 3% of nanoparticles TMP with average size of 25 nm (TMPnano) were prepared [22]. NaF (Merck, CAS 7681-49-4, Germany) was added to these toothpastes to reach a concentration of 1100 ppm F. In addition, toothpastes without TMP and F (placebo) as well as with 1100 ppm F (without TMP) were prepared.…”

In situ effect of the combination of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoridated gel containing sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization

“…In this sense, TMP is believed to retain positively charged ions of CaF + and Ca 2+ , replacing the Na + of the cyclic structure and promoting reduction in acid diffusion [30]. In the case of a pH drop, it has been suggested that the release of those ions from TMP increase the ionic activity of neutral species (CaHPO 4 0 and HF 0 ) [Souza et al, 2017]. Besides their higher diffusion coefficient into enamel, the neutral species would not be detained by the enamel surface [32], but instead could penetrate into enamel, hence diminishing enamel demineralization [14,21,31] and enhancing remineralization [13,31].…”