Top-down and bottom-up attentional biases for smoking-related stimuli: Comparing dependent and non-dependent smokers

Wilcockson, Thomas; Pothos, Emmanuel M.; Osborne, Ashley M.; Crawford, Trevor J.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106886

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There have been many studies supporting the claim that AB towards addiction-related information plays an important role in addiction behavior. For example, Wilcockson et al [ 43 ] used a behavioral inhibition task and a DPT to find that compared with the non-smokers, dependent smokers showed decreased inhibition and increased AB for smoking-related cues. Similarly, Kim et al found that people with online gaming disorder showed AB towards game-related stimuli using eye-tracking technology and their study supported that AB towards addiction-relevant cues was one of the core symptoms of addictive behaviors [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias Is Associated with Negative Emotions in Problematic Users of Social Media as Measured by a Dot-Probe Task

Zhao

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Social media (SM) have flourished and are affecting human lives on an unprecedented scale. Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a recently emerging problematic behavior that affects both physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether problematic users of SM display attentional bias (AB) toward SM-related cues, as well as the relationships between AB, the severity of PSMU, and negative emotions. Method: 1000 college students were recruited through classes and online forums and then tested using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Eventually, 60 participants, identified by the cut-off point for BSMAS, consented to participate in the study and were divided into two groups (i.e., a problematic use group and a typical use group). The severity of PSMU and negative emotions (i.e., anxiety, depression, social fear, and loneliness) were evaluated by self-report questionnaires. AB was assessed by an addiction Stroop task and a dot-probe task (DPT). Results: PSMU was found to be positively associated with anxiety (r = 0.28, p < 0.05), depression (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), and social fear (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), but not with loneliness (r = 0.19, p = 0.15). Participants with a tendency toward PSMU displayed AB toward SM-related cues in the DPT [F (1, 58) = 26.77, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.32], but not in the Stroop task [F (1, 58) = 0.61, p = 0.44, ηp2 = 0.01]. Moreover, AB toward SM-related stimuli was found to be positively correlated with the severity of PSMU (r = −0.51, p < 0.001), anxiety (r = −0.37, p < 0.01), depression (r = −0.51, p < 0.001), and social fear (r = −0.30, p < 0.05) in the DPT. Conclusions: Problematic users of SM show AB towards SM-related cues in the DPT, which is more reliable for assessing AB than the Stroop task. Moreover, it is suggested that in clinical interventions we should work to change the AB towards SM-related stimuli and improve negative emotions to decrease risks of PSMU.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Bias Is Associated with Negative Emotions in Problematic Users of Social Media as Measured by a Dot-Probe Task

Zhao

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cuneus is functionally connected to a visual network and is considered to be have crucial role in the integration of visual information ( 47 ). According to previous studies, smokers display an initial top-down attention bias toward cigarette cues and demonstrate impairment in inhibiting attentional biases ( 48 , 49 ). Attentional mechanisms of top-down biasing of feature selection in visual cortex have been extensively investigated, indicating that attention exerts its effect by modulating the gain of neural processing in sensory visual areas ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Alternations in Dynamic and Static Functional Connectivity Density in Chronic Smokers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies have implicated abnormal functional coordination in brain regions of smokers. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated alternations in brain connectivity by using the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) method which arbitrarily chooses specific networks or seed regions as priori selections and cannot provide a full picture of the FC changes in chronic smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-brain functional coordination measured by functional connectivity density (FCD). As the variance of brain activity, dynamic FCD (dFCD) was performed to investigate dynamic changes of whole-brain integration in chronic smokers. In total, 120 chronic smokers and 56 nonsmokers were recruited, and static FCD and dFCD were performed to investigate aberrance of whole-brain functional coordination. Shared aberrance in visual areas has been found in both static and dFCD study in chronic smokers. Furthermore, the results exhibited that both heavy and light smokers demonstrated decreased dFCD in the visual cortex and left precuneus, and also increased dFCD in the right orbitofrontal cortex, left caudate, right putamen, and left thalamus compared with nonsmokers. In addition, alternations of dFCD have been found between heavy and light smokers. Furthermore, the dFCD variations showed significant positive correlation with smoking-related behaviors. The results demonstrated that chronic smokers not only have some initial areas, but also have some regions associated with severity of cigarette smoking. Lastly, dFCD could provide more subtle variations in chronic smokers, and the combination of static and dFCD may deepen our understanding of the brain alternations in chronic smokers.

show abstract

“…The possible reason is that individuals with DEBs regard food stimulus as a signal of impending DEBs and psychological distress. Early attentional vigilance is a bottom-up cognitive processing of sensory information, which means that cognitive processing ability is automatically allocated to important stimuli ( 44 ). This further indicates that individuals with DEBs are extremely sensitive and quick to respond to threatening food signals, and have developed into automatic attention to food, which is an indicator of impulsive eating ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional vigilance of food information in disordered eating behaviors

Jin

Han²,

Zhang³

2023

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionDisordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are very common among female college students, which seriously endanger their health and well-being. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of DEBs can provide effective evidence for early detection and intervention.MethodsIn total of 54 female college students were recruited and assigned to DEB group (n = 29) and healthy control (HC) group (n = 25) according to their scores in the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Then, the Exogenous Cueing Task (ECT) was used to evaluate their reaction time (RT) to the location of a target dot preceded by a food or neutral cue.ResultsThe study found that compared with HC group, DEB group showed more attentional engagement to food stimuli, indicating that attentional vigilance to food information could be considered as a specific attentional bias of DEBs.DiscussionOur findings not only provide evidence of the potential mechanism of DEBs from the perspective of attentional bias, but also can be considered as an effective and objective indicator for early screening of subclinical eating disorders (EDs).

show abstract

Top-down and bottom-up attentional biases for smoking-related stimuli: Comparing dependent and non-dependent smokers

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Attentional Bias Is Associated with Negative Emotions in Problematic Users of Social Media as Measured by a Dot-Probe Task

Attentional Bias Is Associated with Negative Emotions in Problematic Users of Social Media as Measured by a Dot-Probe Task

Alternations in Dynamic and Static Functional Connectivity Density in Chronic Smokers

Attentional vigilance of food information in disordered eating behaviors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About