Top-Ranked Priority Research Questions for Soil Science in the 21<sup>st</sup>Century

Adewopo, Julius; VanZomeren, Christine M.; Bhomia, R.K.; Almaraz, Maya; Bacon, Allan R.; Eggleston, Emily; Judy, Jonathan D.; Lewis, Ricky W.; Lusk, Mary G.; Miller, Bradley A.; Snyder, Elizabeth Hodges; Tiedeman, Mary Lee

doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0291

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…"How can we incorporate long-term climatic and geologic processes and con-temporary anthropogenic impacts into integrated models of soil properties?" according to Adewopo et al (2014) and supported by the work of Tugel et al (2005), Richter et al (2011), Richter and Yaalon (2012). And this work will also help to address the key questions of anthropogenic soil change that may affect the valuation of the ecosystem services that soil provides (Robinson et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 88%

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Veenstra

Burras

2015

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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Despite a large body of scientific research that shows that soils change on relatively short time scales under different management regimes, classical pedological theory states that we should expect these changes to occur only in the surface few centimeters and that they are not of adequate magnitude to suggest fundamental changes in pedon character over short periods of time. In fact, rarely, do the scientists that make these comparisons report on any properties deeper than 30 to 45 cm in the soil profile. With this study, we evaluate soil transformation to a depth of 150 cm after 50 yr of intensive row-crop agricultural land use in a temperate, humid, continental climate (Iowa, United States), by resampling sites that were initially described by the United States soil survey between 1943 and 1963. We find that, through agricultural land use, humans are accelerating soil formation and transformation to a depth of 100 cm or more by accelerating erosion, sedimentation, acidification, and mineral weathering, and degrading soil structure, while deepening dark-colored, organic-matter rich surface horizons, translocating and accumulating organic matter deeper in the soil profile and lowering the water table. Some of these changes can be considered positive improvements, but many of these changes may have negative effects on the soils' future productive capacity.Abbreviations: SOC, soil organic carbon.

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confidence: 88%

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Veenstra

Burras

2015

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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“…Adewopo et al (2014) organized a poll among experts to determine the priority research questions in soil science. Such an approach, however, bears the drawback that each expert cultivates his/her 20 particular field of research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sustainable soil management requires a systemic approach

Vogel

Bartke

Daedlow

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The central importance of soil for the functioning of terrestrial systems is increasingly recognized. Critically relevant for water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity, soil provides more functions than just the basis for agricultural production. Nowadays, soil is increasingly under pressure as a limited resource for the production of food, energy and raw materials. This has led to an increasing demand for concepts assessing soil functions so that they can be adequately considered in decision making aimed at sustainable soil management. The various soil science disciplines have progressively 5 developed highly sophisticated methods to explore the multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. It is not obvious, however, how the steadily improving insight into soil processes may contribute to the evaluation of soil functions.Here we present to a new systemic modeling framework that allows for a consistent coupling between reductionist yet observable indicators for soil functions with detailed process understanding. It is based on the mechanistic relationships between soil functional attributes, each explained by a network of interacting processes as derived from scientific evidence. The non-linear 10 character of these interactions produces stability and resilience of soil with respect to functional characteristics. We anticipate that this new conceptional framework will integrate the various soil science disciplines and help identify important future research questions at the interface between disciplines. It allows the overwhelming complexity of soil systems to be adequately coped with and paves the way for steadily improving our capability to assess soil functions based on scientific understanding.

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“…Among the research topic priorities of Soil Science in the 21 st century, Marks et al (2013) and Adewopo et al (2014) highlight the search for nutrient supply, in a way that at food production can be kept while promoting a sustainable use of natural resources. In order to increase the N efficiency use by plants, more studies related to biological nitrogen fixation, synthetic fertilizers application are required in several crops and different environments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen sources on double cropped maize production in tropical savanna of Brazil

Kaneko¹,

Sabundjian²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2016

Aust J Crop Sci

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Nitrogen (N) fertilization on maize crops has been going through modifications due to the use of technologies such as biological N fixation and modified fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (with and without inoculation), N sources (urea and polymer coated urea) and side-dressed N levels (0; 45; 90; 135 and 180 kg ha -1 ), on double cropped maize in two regions of Brazilian savanna (Chapadão do Sul and Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul). The experiment design was arranged in randomized plots at a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme with 4 replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant population (plants ha -1 ), plant dry matter, leaf N concentration, stem diameter, weight of 100 grains and grain yield. Seed inoculation with A. brasilense did not increase double cropped maize yield in both environments. The application of coated urea provided higher dry biomass, however, the polymer coated urea application showed no effect on grain yield in comparison to conventional urea. Increasing side-dressed N levels is the main key factor responsible to improve the double cropped maize yield in tropical Brazilian savanna.

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Top-Ranked Priority Research Questions for Soil Science in the 21^stCentury

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Sustainable soil management requires a systemic approach

Synergistic effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen sources on double cropped maize production in tropical savanna of Brazil

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Top-Ranked Priority Research Questions for Soil Science in the 21stCentury

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Soil Profile Transformation after 50 Years of Agricultural Land Use

Sustainable soil management requires a systemic approach

Synergistic effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen sources on double cropped maize production in tropical savanna of Brazil

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Product

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Top-Ranked Priority Research Questions for Soil Science in the 21^stCentury