Top-Seeded Solution Crystal Growth, Morphology, Optical and Thermal Properties of Ba₃(ZnB₅O₁₀)PO₄

Abstract

Ba3(ZnB5O10)­PO4 (BZBP) single crystals were grown successfully by a top-seeded solution growth method. High-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurements reveal a full width at half-maximum of 34.56″ of a BZBP single crystal grown from a [101]-oriented seed. The refractive indices from the UV to the near infrared region were measured, and revealed a birefringence of 0.04179–0.03059 in the wavelength range of 253.6–2325.4 nm. In addition the type-I and type-II phase-matching range for second and third harmonic generation were calculated based on the fitted Sellmeier equations. In order to further evaluate the potential application of Ba3(ZnB5O10)­PO4, the thermal properties including specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity were also measured along different crystallographic axes.

Module-Guided Design Scheme for Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials

“…However, the criteria are very rigorous for a deep-UV NLO material: a wide transparency window (absorption edge <180 nm), a moderate SHG response (comparable to KH 2 PO 4 (KDP)), an appropriate birefringence (0.11 > Δ n > 0.07 at 1064 nm), and ease in obtaining large single crystals. As a result of the unremitting efforts of researchers, trigonal planar modules BO 3 , B 3 O 6 , and CO 3 with parallel arrangement were validated as the FMs that control second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect in UV/deep-UV NLO materials. − Subsequently, many excellent NLO materials containing CO 3 , BO 3 , or B 3 O 6 have been discovered ,,− and even commercialized. − At present, there are only a few materials that can meet these conditions including β-BaB 2 O 4 ( β- BBO) and the KBBF family − consisting of KBe 2 BO 3 F 2 (KBBF), RbBe 2 BO 3 F 2 (RBBF), and Na 2 BeB 2 O 5 (NBBO). Unfortunately, the last three are not environmentally friendly because of toxic BeO required in the synthesis.…”

“…Tetrahedral groups such as BO 4 or PO 4 are excellent modules because they will effectively avoid layer habits, and their large energy gap is beneficial to deep UV transmission. − Traditionally, they are used to enrich the diversity of the crystal structure , and they rarely employed to design or synthesize deep-UV NLO materials owing to their habitually weak optical anisotropy. Birefringence determined by optical anisotropy is one of the indispensable properties for UV/deep-UV NLO materials because it is required for phase matching (PM) and determines coherent UV laser output, i.e., the shortest SHG PM wavelength.…”

Fluorooxoborates: Ushering in a New Era of Deep Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials

“…Among them, metal borates have been regarded as a rich source of DUV NLO materials, owing to the extraordinary complexity and diversity of the structural chemistry of borates, which is based on the flexible coordination environments of boron (BO 3 triangle and BO 4 tetrahedron), and many borate‐based NLO materials have been found. The prominent representatives of these borate NLO materials are K 2 Al 2 B 2 O 7 (KABO), BaAlBO 3 F 2 (BABF), La 2 CaB 10 O 19 (LCB), YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (YCOB), Ba 3 (ZnB 5 O 10 )PO 4 (BZBP), K 3 B 6 O 10 Cl (KBOC), Cs 3 Zn 6 B 9 O 21 (CZB), and Li 4 Sr(BO 3 ) 2 . However, these NLO materials cannot achieve the output of the DUV lasers by a direct SHG process.…”

Recent advances in ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet second-order nonlinear optical crystals

“…6H2O(129) and (b) CsMgPO4 . 6H2O(130) [159]. © 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry.Crystals of acentric A4Mg4(P2O7)3 (A = K (131), Rb (132)) were grown from hightemperature solutions with K2O/Rb2O-P2O5 as the flux [160].…”