Top seeded solution growth of Cr 3+ : LiCaAlF 6 in HF atmosphere

VUV spectroscopy of Tm3+ and Mn2+ doped LiSrAlF6

“…Sr 2+ was substituted by Li + in the same amount as Tm 3+ in order to maintain charge neutrality. The mixed powders were fired at 850 • C in HF enriched nitrogen atmosphere to remove residual oxygen [8], and then slowly cooled below the melting point of LiSAF (765 • C) within 12 h. This treatment resulted in large, transparent crystalline domains, which have been confirmed to be single phase LiSAF by X-ray diffraction analysis.…”

Czochralski Growth of Oxides and Fluorides

“…Although excimer and tunable color-centered lasers have been used as UV sources, their utilization has been limited due to low temperature operation and to material deterioration. A fluorination process using gases like HF [23] is usually performed to purify both the precursor materials and the resulting crystals. It is difficult however to obtain a high energy output from cerium ion (Ce 3þ )-doped crystals due to a limited crystal size.…”

“…23 shows a CZ-grown CWO single crystal having a diameter of 75 mm and a length of 300 mm. Since CWO tends to have a faceted growth, the ingots may have an…”

Scintillators: Crystal Growth and Scintillator Performance

“…A practical recommendation to eliminate or at least minimize these impurities is for a raw-material treatment for several hours under a CF 4 atmosphere. CF 4 is often useful like a reactive atmosphere (RAP) agent to fast-acting HF [54]: (12.25) A CF 4 atmosphere yields a double effect of purification. First, this leads to moisture elimination even in trace quantities.…”