“…The concentration, vehicle material, application frequency and total treatment period differed among the studies. With regard to the concentration of ointment or solution, all previous studies reported clinical improvement with concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 1.0% in different vehicles [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Foster et al [7] demonstrated that topical rapamycin treatment had the same effect whether it was in an ointment base or in a water base, although the ointment base caused less skin irritation than the water base.…”