Topographic effects on dispersal patterns of Phytophthora cinnamomi at a stand scale in a Spanish heathland

Cardillo, Enrique; Acedo, Angel; Abad, E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195060

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…; Cardillo et al . ). Furthermore, the use of fungicide in PSF research can be an important experimental tool, especially in the field, as soil fungi arguably constitute one of the most important groups of soil‐borne pathogens (Raaijmakers et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relative importance of competition and plant–soil feedback, their synergy, context dependency and implications for coexistence

et al. 2018

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Plants interact simultaneously with each other and with soil biota, yet the relative importance of competition vs. plant-soil feedback (PSF) on plant performance is poorly understood. Using a meta-analysis of 38 published studies and 150 plant species, we show that effects of interspecific competition (either growing plants with a competitor or singly, or comparing inter- vs. intraspecific competition) and PSF (comparing home vs. away soil, live vs. sterile soil, or control vs. fungicide-treated soil) depended on treatments but were predominantly negative, broadly comparable in magnitude, and additive or synergistic. Stronger competitors experienced more negative PSF than weaker competitors when controlling for density (inter- to intraspecific competition), suggesting that PSF could prevent competitive dominance and promote coexistence. When competition was measured against plants growing singly, the strength of competition overwhelmed PSF, indicating that the relative importance of PSF may depend not only on neighbour identity but also density. We evaluate how competition and PSFs might interact across resource gradients; PSF will likely strengthen competitive interactions in high resource environments and enhance facilitative interactions in low-resource environments. Finally, we provide a framework for filling key knowledge gaps and advancing our understanding of how these biotic interactions influence community structure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relative importance of competition and plant–soil feedback, their synergy, context dependency and implications for coexistence

et al. 2018

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“…Previous studies have found that non-avian taxa could be associated with new outbreaks of Phytophthora spp. ; these included goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) (Cardillo, Acedo, & Abad, 2018), feral pigs (Sus scrofa) (Li, Williams, Fenwick, Hardy, & Adams, 2014) and slugs (Parke et al, 2008;Telfer et al, 2015), the latter two showing viable spores excreted after ingestion of infected material. could be achieved, and may lead to higher incidence of positive samples.…”

Section: Ta B L E 2 Number Of Birds Sampled Per Each Month Across Allmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory passerine birds in Britain carry Phytophthora ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet” at low frequency

et al. 2019

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In this study, we investigated whether birds could be vectors facilitating long‐distance spread of Phytophthora ramorum in Britain. Migratory bird species associated with the main sporangium‐producing host plants and most likely to pick up P. ramorum spores were considered. Swabs were taken from the flank and “feet” of 1,014 birds over a 12‐month period (April 2011–March 2012) in the west of Britain and subsequently analyzed for the presence of P. ramorum using nested PCR. Ten positive samples from 10 birds were identified: three in Cornwall, one in Devon, three in Gloucestershire, two in north Wales and one in Merseyside. Phytophthora ramorum was detected on samples from four species of thrushes (Redwing Turdus iliacus, Fieldfare T. pilaris, Blackbird T. merula and Song Thrush T. philomelos) and one species of warbler (Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita). All birds that tested positive were sampled in late autumn and winter (October–February), when long‐distance movements (over 100 km) would have stopped. The low incidence of P. ramorum found using PCR suggests that the incidence of inoculum, whether viable or not, on birds was low. The apparently low incidence of inoculum on birds suggests migratory passerine birds can carry P. ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet,” albeit at low frequency. The dates of positive samples indicate that birds would not have been moving long distances at the time but further work is needed to estimate the extent of their contribution to the spread of P. ramorum in Britain.

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“…Remote sensing is a tool that can be used to monitor tree health in urban forests. It has been used to map Phytophthora and the distribution of the diseases they cause in different areas of the world [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Remotely sensed data acquired over four years, enabling changes in tree health to be determined, was utilized for our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Phytophthora with Declining Vegetation in an Urban Forest Environment

et al. 2020

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Urban forests consist of various environments from intensely managed spaces to conservation areas and are often reservoirs of a diverse range of invasive pathogens due to their introduction through the nursery trade. Pathogens are likely to persist because the urban forest contains a mixture of native and exotic plant species, and the environmental conditions are often less than ideal for the trees. To test the impact of different land management approaches on the Phytophthora community, 236 discrete soil and root samples were collected from declining trees in 91 parks and nature reserves in Joondalup, Western Australia (WA). Sampling targeted an extensive variety of declining native trees and shrubs, from families known to be susceptible to Phytophthora. A sub-sample was set aside and DNA extracted for metabarcoding using Phytophthora-specific primers; the remaining soil and root sample was baited for the isolation of Phytophthora. We considered the effect on the Phytophthora community of park class and area, soil family, and the change in canopy cover or health as determined through sequential measurements using remote sensing. Of the 236 samples, baiting techniques detected Phytophthora species from 24 samples (18 parks), while metabarcoding detected Phytophthora from 168 samples (64 parks). Overall, forty-four Phytophthora phylotypes were detected. Considering only sampling sites where Phytophthora was detected, species richness averaged 5.82 (range 1–21) for samples and 9.23 (range 2–24) for parks. Phytophthora multivora was the most frequently found species followed by P. arenaria, P. amnicola and P. cinnamomi. While park area and canopy cover had a significant effect on Phytophthora community the R2 values were very low, indicating they have had little effect in shaping the community. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. multivora, the two most invasive species, often co-occurring (61% of samples); however, the communities with P. multivora were more common than those with P. cinnamomi, reflecting observations over the past decade of the increasing importance of P. multivora as a pathogen in the urban environment.

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Topographic effects on dispersal patterns of Phytophthora cinnamomi at a stand scale in a Spanish heathland

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

Relative importance of competition and plant–soil feedback, their synergy, context dependency and implications for coexistence

Relative importance of competition and plant–soil feedback, their synergy, context dependency and implications for coexistence

Migratory passerine birds in Britain carry Phytophthora ramorum inoculum on their feathers and “feet” at low frequency

Association of Phytophthora with Declining Vegetation in an Urban Forest Environment

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