TORCH screening used appropriately in China?─three years results from a teaching hospital in northwest China

Wang, Linchuan; Yan, Fang; Ruan, Jing-Xiong; Xiao, Yao; Yu, Yan

doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2642-7

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Upon assessing the total burden of parvovirus B19 among pregnant women, the highest risks of acquiring an infection during pregnancy were estimated for Poland and Finland [39]. In contrast, a recently published study suggested that the seroprevalence of ToRCH pathogens is not affected by age [9]. In the present study, the seroprevalence of antibodies against parvovirus B19 in Poland were among the highest, reflecting low risk of acquiring infection when compared to, e.g.…”

Section: Parvovirus B19contrasting

confidence: 61%

“…A seroprevalence study from 2010 found that anti-HSV-1 seroprevalence was 72% but varied with age and among Brazilian regions [26]. The observation of age dependency is contrary to a recently published study in a Chinese panel suggesting that the seroprevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies is not affected by age [9]. In Brazilian women who participated in the cervical cancer screening program, the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 was 23% [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious agents are influenced by cultural aspects such as average maternal age, rate of kindergarten attendance and socioeconomic status. Previous research has been carried out to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against single ToRCH infectious agents, for instance, in Venezuela, São Paulo State, Turkey, Istanbul, Croatia, northwest China, Japan and Ghana [6,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Nevertheless, no study has compared differences in seroprevalences of the entirety of ToRCH pathogens across several continents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China

et al. 2020

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Determination of antibodies against ToRCH antigens at the beginning of pregnancy allows assessment of both the maternal immune status and the risks to an adverse pregnancy outcome. Age-standardised seroprevalences were determined in sera from 1009 women of childbearing age residing in Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Poland, Turkey or China using a multiparametric immunoblot containing antigen substrates for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Seroprevalences for antibodies against HSV-1 were >90% in samples from Brazil and Turkey, whereas the other four countries showed lower mean age-adjusted seroprevalences (range: 62.5-87.9%). Samples from Brazilian women showed elevated seroprevalences of antibodies against HSV-2 (40.1%), C. trachomatis (46.8%) and B. pertussis (56.6%) compared to the other five countries. Seroprevalences of anti-T. gondii antibodies (0.5%) and anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies (7.5%) were low in samples from Chinese women, compared to the other five countries. Samples from German women revealed a low age-standardised seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibodies (28.8%) compared to the other five countries. These global differences in immune status of women in childbearing age advocate countryspecific prophylaxis strategies to avoid infection with ToRCH pathogens.

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Section: Parvovirus B19contrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China

et al. 2020

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“…Primary infections caused by ToRCH pathogens are the major cause of BOH, and this is well corroborated in published studies both locally [2,19,23] and elsewhere [1,5,22]. This study also observed a higher seroprevalence of ToRCH infections in pregnant women with BOH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence and Determinants of ToRCH Pathogens in Pregnant Women in the Sub-Himalayan Region

Deka¹,

Kalita²,

Paul³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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IntroductionToxoplasma gondii (TG), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2) cause mild maternal morbidity but have serious fetal consequences. The prevalence of these infections varies widely by country and population subgroup, and the paucity of data from the hilly state of Uttarakhand prompted us to undertake this study on their seroprevalence and association with potential risk factors. MethodsSerum samples received from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, between January 2016 to December 2019 were tested for TG-, RV-, CMV, and HSV-specific IgM and IgG by capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The data were then analyzed to determine the seroprevalence of the major ToRCH infections (toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicellazoster, parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes), and Fisher's exact test was applied to check association with potential risk factors. ResultsOut of 165 pregnant women who were screened for the four major ToRCH pathogens, overall seroprevalence was 41.2% for TG (IgM=13.3%; IgG=38.2%), 80.0% for RV (IgM=3.0%; IgG=80.0%), 61.8% for CMV (IgM=1.8%; IgG=61.8%), and 42.4% for HSV (IgM=4.3%; IgG=40.6). TG was significantly associated with increasing maternal age (p-value=0.007). The seropositivity of RV was maximum in the drier and windy months of January-March (p-value=0.004), while that of TG in the warmer months of April-June (p-value=0.03). HSV prevalence was comparatively more common in Muslim women (p-value=0.05). Women presenting with bad obstetric history (BOH) and multiparous women were at higher risk for TG-RV-HSV and TG-RV-CMV, respectively. ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence and risk of ToRCH infections in this region, we suggest disease-specific screening based on maternal history. Recognition of the burden of ToRCH infections in pregnant women is vital in clinicians' decisions and implementing control measures.

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“…Nowadays, to screen HBV infections in prepregnancy and reproductive-age women, the HBsAg test is recommended [ 8 ]. It is a normal initial detection of the TORCH pathogen which is important for treatment and prevention strategies for adverse fetal outcomes [ 9 ]. The characteristic of these pathogens is that they are asymptomatic at the beginning of the infection, and they cannot be diagnosed based on their clinical features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women in Tabriz, Iran

Nabizadeh

Ghotaslou

Salahi

et al. 2022

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objectives. The organisms of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus as an acronym of TORCH are major pathogens in prepregnancy and reproductive-age women. These microorganisms are considered a serious problem and cause 2-3% of all birth defects in the fetus. Our study was aimed at screening the seroprevalence of TORCH antibodies among prepregnancy and reproductive-age women in Tabriz, Iran. Design and Setting. This study was carried out in 2726 prepregnancy and reproductive-age women, who were referred to the laboratory for prenatal TORCH screening. To detect the presence of IgG, IgM antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen against these microorganisms were carried out using a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer (CLIA). Results. In the current study, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, anti-Rubella virus IgG, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG were found in 722 cases (26.5%), 2579 cases (94.6%0), and 2718 cases (99.7%), respectively. Moreover, the rates of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM, anti-Rubella virus IgM, and anti-Cytomegalovirus IgM were discovered in 10 cases (0.4%), 13 cases (0.5%), and 16 cases (0.6%), respectively. The Hepatitis B surface antigen was found in 32 cases (1.2%). The dissemination of positive TORCH in various ages was different ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. In our study, the seroprevalence of acute TORCH infections was relatively low. Due to the probability of vertical transmission to the fetus during pregnancy and the unpleasant complication of these pathogens, it is essential to be screened for detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies in reproductive ages.

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TORCH screening used appropriately in China?─three years results from a teaching hospital in northwest China

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China

Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China

Seroprevalence and Determinants of ToRCH Pathogens in Pregnant Women in the Sub-Himalayan Region

The Screening of Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Prepregnancy and Reproductive-Age Women in Tabriz, Iran

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