Toroidal magnetic fields for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation in long duration deep space missions

Papini, P.; Спиллантини, П.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.06.011

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two basic candidate configurations of CMF, termed 'toroidal' and 'solenoidal', were proposed by previous investigators (Durante 2014, Papini andSpillantini 2014). However, the rigid toroidal configuration with high-temperature superconductors is believed to be the more realistic possibility in space, and it is largely superior due to the solenoid technology limitations.…”

Section: Geometry and Magnetic Field Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B0 represents the intensity of the innermost magnetic field, and B(r) stands for the intensity of the magnetic field at the radius r. R and R0 represent the radius of the outermost and innermost limits of the magnetic field area, respectively, and were set to 5 m and 3 m respectively. As in the previous studies (Durante 2014, Papini andSpillantini 2014), our research also set B0 to 2 T, 4 T and 6 T to investigate the active shielding effect. The value 0 T was also studied as a control.…”

Section: Geometry and Magnetic Field Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand the efficiency of the active shielding method in protecting against space radiation, Washburn et al (2014) studied the radiation dose reduction at a spatial point using the computer code HZETRN (High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport). Papini and Spillantini (2014) estimated the dose reduction through the introduction of the fluence reduction using a toroidal magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Monte Carlo-based radiation safety assessment for astronauts in an environment with confined magnetic field shielding

et al. 2015

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The active shielding technique has great potential for radiation protection in space exploration because it has the advantage of a significant mass saving compared with the passive shielding technique. This paper demonstrates a Monte Carlo-based approach to evaluating the shielding effectiveness of the active shielding technique using confined magnetic fields (CMFs). The International Commission on Radiological Protection reference anthropomorphic phantom, as well as the toroidal CMF, was modeled using the Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4. The penetrating primary particle fluence, organ-specific dose equivalent, and male effective dose were calculated for particles in galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar particle events (SPEs). Results show that the SPE protons can be easily shielded against, even almost completely deflected, by the toroidal magnetic field. GCR particles can also be more effectively shielded against by increasing the magnetic field strength. Our results also show that the introduction of a structural Al wall in the CMF did not provide additional shielding for GCR; in fact it can weaken the total shielding effect of the CMF. This study demonstrated the feasibility of accurately determining the radiation field inside the environment and evaluating the organ dose equivalents for astronauts under active shielding using the CMF.

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Section: Geometry and Magnetic Field Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometry and Magnetic Field Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Monte Carlo-based radiation safety assessment for astronauts in an environment with confined magnetic field shielding

et al. 2015

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“…These systems require a magnetic field to deflect charged particles away from the spacecraft by Lorentz force. However, the active method requires a wide range of magnetic field with magnetic flux density of several Tesla (Papini and Spillantini 2014), which is also difficult to implement for engineering applications (Washburn et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum/vacuum multilayer configuration for spatial high-energy electron shielding via electron return effects induced by magnetic field

et al. 2017

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Radiation shielding of high-energy electrons is critical for successful space missions. However, conventional passive shielding systems exhibit several limitations, such as heavy configuration, poor shielding ability, and strong secondary bremsstrahlung radiation. In this work, an aluminum/vacuum multilayer structure was proposed based on the electron return effects induced by magnetic field. The shielding property of several configurations was evaluated by using the Monte Carlo method. Results showed that multilayer systems presented improved shielding ability to electrons, and less secondary x-ray transmissions than those of conventional systems. Moreover, the influences of magnetic flux density and number of layers on the shielding property of multilayer systems were investigated using a female Chinese hybrid reference phantom based on cumulative dose. In the case of two aluminum layers, the cumulative dose in a phantom gradually decreased with increasing magnetic flux density. The maximum decline rate was found within 0.4-1 Tesla. With increasing layers of configuration, the cumulative dose decreased and the shielding ability improved. This research provides effective shielding measures for future space radiation protection in high-energy electron environments.

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Lithium Battery‐Powered Extreme Environments Exploring: Principle, Progress, and Perspective

Ma,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Lithium batteries, holding great potential in future deep‐space and deep‐sea exploration, have extensively utilized in probes for extreme environments. However, the complex and harsh external physical forces, including radiation field, ultrasonic field, gravity field, magnetic field, temperature field, and other extreme environments, in isolation or combination, demand severe requirements for unique onboard power supplies. Herein, the fundamental understanding of the service behavior of lithium batteries in external extreme physical fields is focused on. Specifically, based on the unique physicochemical principle originated from these external extreme forces, the underlying mechanisms of external physical fields affecting thermodynamic and kinetic processes of liquid phase mass transfer, interface formation and evolution, and electrochemical deposition are emphatically highlighted. Moreover, with equal attention paid to the enhancement and degradation caused by extreme physical fields, recent progress in the service behavior of lithium batteries is thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, strategies are scrutinized for mitigating the negative impacts of external physical fields and provide an overview of the comprehensive impacts of external muti‐physical fields. Finally, the potential challenges and future outlook of developing special power sources for deep space and deep sea exploration are proposed. This review provides fundamental guidance for the future of battery‐powered extreme environments exploration.

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Toroidal magnetic fields for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation in long duration deep space missions

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

A Monte Carlo-based radiation safety assessment for astronauts in an environment with confined magnetic field shielding

A Monte Carlo-based radiation safety assessment for astronauts in an environment with confined magnetic field shielding

Aluminum/vacuum multilayer configuration for spatial high-energy electron shielding via electron return effects induced by magnetic field

Lithium Battery‐Powered Extreme Environments Exploring: Principle, Progress, and Perspective

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