Torque teno virus dynamics during the first year of life

Abstract

BackgroundTorque teno virus is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients. The possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission remains controversial but incidence rate of TTV DNA in children increased with age. TTV dynamics well studied for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of post-transplant complications but there is no viral proliferation kinetics data for other patient groups or healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine TTV dynamics during the first year of life of healthy infants.MethodsNinety eight clinically healthy breastfeeding infants (1–12 months of age) were analyzed by quantitative PCR for the whole blood TTV load with the test sensitivity of about 1000 viral copies per milliliter of blood (total number of samples including repeatedly tested infants was 109).Results67% of all analyzed samples were TTV-positive demonstrating significant positive correlation between age and TTV load (r = 0.81, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis is the first study to suggest that viral load increases during the first year of life reaching a plateau after 6 months with strong proliferation for the first 60 days. Our data well correlates with TTV dynamics in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome

“… 2015 ; Tyschik et al . 2018 ). It is still not clear whether the first infection is symptomatic or not, however, it was shown that TTV and TTMDV genomes are more prevalent in plasma ( P = 0.034) and nasopharyngeal swabs ( P = 0.002) of febrile children compared to afebrile controls (McElvania TeKippe et al .…”

“… 2015 ; Tyschik et al . 2018 ), and that probably most humans are either chronically infected or continuously re-infected, reduces the likelihood that AVs are truly causing disease. One may even consider looking from a completely different perspective.…”

Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases

“…www.gastro-j.ru Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол 2020; 30(4) / Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol 2020; 30 (4) TTV может быть обнаружен методами количественной или качественной полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в различных клинических образцах [31][32][33][34]. С этой целью используют стандартную ПЦР, ПЦР со вложенной парой праймеров (nested PCR), ПЦР со вложенным одним праймером (semi-nested PCR) и ПЦР в реальном времени (real-time PCR or RT-PCR) [11,35,36].…”

“…Выявление ДНК TTV в значительной степени зависит от применяемых методов детекции [33,49]. Такие факторы, как тип образца (например, плазма или цельная кровь), различные методы ПЦР или применяемый праймер, могут влиять на выявление ДНК TTV [37,50].…”

“…Есть данные о динамике персистенции TTV в течение первого года жизни ребенка, которые предполагают, что вирусная нагрузка увеличивается в течение первого года жизни, достигая плато через 6 месяцев [33]. Средний показатель частоты обнаружения ДНК TTV в фекалиях детей первого года жизни, не получавших трансфузий, по данным C. Lin и соавт., составил 22,4 % [103].…”