Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view

Reshetnyak, Vasiliy Ivanovich; Маев, И. В.; Burmistrov, A. I.; Chekmazov, I A; Карлович, Т. И.

doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…In agreement with this, we have shown that TTMV and TTMDV, discovered three and ten years after TTV 12 , respectively, are characterized by a remarkable diversity that was previously undetected due to amplification bias. At this point, it is also worth mentioning that lower TTV viral loads have been observed in human plasma relative to other body compartments 44 , which is also likely to be the case with TTMV and TTMDV. This might even have resulted in an underestimation of the actual anellovirus diversity in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In addition, anellovirus prevalence is highly variable and non-sequence specific amplification methods are required to avoid strong bias. The high prevalence of anelloviruses is a consequence of the multiple transmission routes used by these viruses, including parenteral, sexual, and vertical routes, in combination with an extensive polytropism 44 . For TTV, available data on prevalence, tropism, and pathogenicity are highly contradictory, precluding an unambiguous assessment of the impact of TTV persistence on pathology in humans 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since TTV viral loads increase in immunosuppressed patients, it has been suggested that pathogenesis may be conditional 44 , acting as an aggravating factor or as an opportunistic agent 45 . In this sense, the extensive anellovirus diversity obtained in studies that have implemented viral fraction enrichment, as the present study, could provide clues about potential associations between certain variants and pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome

Cebriá-Mendoza

Bracho

Arbona³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Metagenomics is greatly improving our ability to discover new viruses, as well as their possible associations with disease. However, metagenomics has also changed our understanding of viruses in general. The vast expansion of currently known viral diversity has revealed a large fraction of non-pathogenic viruses, and offers a new perspective in which viruses function as important components of many ecosystems. In this vein, studies of the human blood virome are often motivated by the search for new viral diseases, especially those associated with blood transfusions. However, these studies have revealed the common presence of apparently non-pathogenic viruses in blood, in particular human anelloviruses and, to a lower extent, human pegiviruses (HPgV). To shed light on the diversity of the human blood virome, we subjected pooled plasma samples from 587 healthy donors in Spain to a viral enrichment protocol followed by massive parallel sequencing. This showed that anelloviruses were clearly the major component of the blood virome and showed remarkable diversity. In total, we assembled 332 complete or near-complete anellovirus genomes, 50 of which could be considered new species. HPgV was much less frequent, but we nevertheless recovered 17 different isolates that we subsequently used for characterizing the diversity of this virus. In-depth investigation of the human blood virome should help to elucidate the ecology of these viruses, and to unveil potentially associated diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome

Cebriá-Mendoza

Bracho

Arbona³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The gene products of anellovirus might help to maintain the composition and fitness of other (beneficial) microbial communities by preventing colonization by pathogens. At the same time, the host immune system, through immunosurveillance, may maintain a safe balance, thus protecting the body from the pathogenic effects of the virus (165). However, as noted above, microbial diversity (including anellovirus) in the pregnant vagina is associated with premature timing of delivery.…”

Section: A Mechanism By Which Anellovirus Colonization Could Influence the Timing Of Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Anelloviruses: Prevalence and Clinical Significance During Pregnancy

2021

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Although the bacterial microbiota of various compartments (e.g. vagina, amniotic fluid, and placenta) have been studied in pregnancy, there has been far less emphasis on normal and pathological viral communities. Cumulative evidence shows the presence of a number of apathogenic viruses in various tissues of healthy people, including pregnant individuals. What role, if any, these viruses play in human physiology is unknown. Anelloviruses (family Anelloviridae) are circular, single-stranded DNA viruses commonly detected with high prevalence in vertebrate hosts, including primates. Humans are nearly always colonized with at least 1 of 3 anellovirus subtypes, namely Alphatorquevirus (torque teno virus, TTV), Betatorquevirus (torque teno midi virus, TTMDV), and Gammatorquevirus (torque teno mini virus, TTMV). In healthy pregnant people, the prototype anellovirus, TTV, has been found in maternal and (variably) fetal blood, amniotic fluid, cervical and vaginal secretions, breast milk, and saliva. Nonetheless, the relevance of human anelloviruses in pregnancy and labor is unclear. There is evidence suggesting a link between anellovirus colonization and preterm birth. In this review, we discuss what is known about this family of commensal viruses in health and disease, and specifically the roles they might play during pregnancy and in the timing of delivery.

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“…However, other authors could not establish any correlation between TTV DNA positivity and CD4, CD8 T cell counts or HIV viral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In mononuclear infected cells, TTV induces the production of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-α and increases the concentration of interleukins such as IL-12, IL-28, IL-29, or chemokines (CCL7) [ 32 ]. Reduced survival of CD4 T cells has been observed in patients with high TTV DNA viral load [ 33 ], although TTV effects on adaptive immunity have not yet been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Relevance of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in HIV/HCV Coinfected and HCV Monoinfected Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy

Lapa

Porto

Minosse

et al. 2021

JCM

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Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous virus that causes chronic infection in humans with unknown clinical consequences. Here, we investigated the influence of TTV infection on HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficacy in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected patients as controls. Of 92 study patients, 79.3% were TTV DNA positive; untreated patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of TTV DNA-positivity vs. sustained virological response (SVR) patients (100.0% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001), while TTV positivity was not significant in DAA failure patients vs. SVR patients despite HIV/HCV coinfection. TTV DNA viral load was higher among HCV monoinfected patients vs. HIV/HCV coinfected, although marginally significant (p = 0.074) and no significant viral load difference was detected between DAA failures and SVR patients, while untreated vs. SVR patients had a significantly higher viral load (19,884, IQR 5977–333,534, vs. 469, IQR 10–4124, p = 0.004). Alpha-genogroup 3 TTV was the most prevalent genetic group, and no specific strain or genogroup was observed in relapser patients. Among HIV/HCV patients with HCV RNA detectable at end of treatment (EOT), TTV DNA was detected in 9/17 treatment responder patients and 3/5 relapser patients, thus, TTV infection does not appear to influence the control HCV viremia after EOT. Levels of IL-6 IL-4, and CD14 were not significantly different between TTV PCR-positive and -negative patients. These results suggest no association between TTV DNA positivity or viral load and HCV DAA failure whether patients were HIV/HCV coinfected or HCV monoinfected.

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Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view

Cited by 27 publications

References 142 publications

Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome

Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome

Human Anelloviruses: Prevalence and Clinical Significance During Pregnancy

Clinical Relevance of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in HIV/HCV Coinfected and HCV Monoinfected Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy

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