Tospoviruses occurring in and outside Japan

Abstract

Tospoviruses that have single-stranded, negative sense RNA genomes are members of the Tospovirus genus, the Bunyaviridae family. Tomato spotted wilt virus is the type species of this genus. They are transmitted in a persistent manner by thrips belonging to the genera Ceratothrioides, Dictyothrips, Frankliniella, Scirtothrips, Sericothrips and Thrips and seriously damage vegetables and ornamental crops worldwide. In this report, the current state of knowledge on the biological and genetic structure, transmission mode and classification of tospoviruses are reviewed. The natural occurrence, endemicity and vector insects of tospovirus strains belonging to 29 distinct species including 8 species in Japan are described.

Development of Rapid Immunofilter Paper Assay for Chrysanthemum Stem Necrosis Orthotospovirus using Polyclonal Antibody Generated in Rabbits

“…Orthotospoviruses are divided into two categories (New World and Old World) based on their origin (Mound & Marullo 1996). Thus far, more than 30 orthotospovirus species have been reported in both the New World and Old World (Okuda 2016). Detection methods such as ELISA and RIPA using antibodies are still useful for the detection of plant viruses including orthotospoviruses, given their lower cost compared with other methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.…”

“…Orthotospovirus (formerly referred to as tospovirus) is the species of the Orthotospovirus genus within the family Tospoviridae. Thus far, more than 30 Orthotospovirus species, including tentative species, have been reported around the world (Okuda 2016, ICTV Taxonomy, https://talk.ictvonline.org/ taxonomy/). Among them, eight have been recorded in Japan: capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV), chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus (CSNV), impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus (INSV), iris yellow spot orthotospovirus (IYSV), lisianthus necrotic ringspot orthotospovirus, melon yellow spot orthotospovirus (MYSV), tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and watermelon silver mottle orthotospovirus (WSMoV) (Okuda 2016).…”

“…Thus far, more than 30 Orthotospovirus species, including tentative species, have been reported around the world (Okuda 2016, ICTV Taxonomy, https://talk.ictvonline.org/ taxonomy/). Among them, eight have been recorded in Japan: capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV), chrysanthemum stem necrosis orthotospovirus (CSNV), impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus (INSV), iris yellow spot orthotospovirus (IYSV), lisianthus necrotic ringspot orthotospovirus, melon yellow spot orthotospovirus (MYSV), tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and watermelon silver mottle orthotospovirus (WSMoV) (Okuda 2016). Orthotospovirus is transmitted by specific thrips species such as Frankriniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi in a circulative and propagative manner (Ullman et al 2002).…”

“…CSNV was first found in chrysanthemums in Brazil (Bezerra et al 1999, Duarte et al 1995. In Japan, CSNV was detected in chrysanthemums in Hiroshima Prefecture in 2006 (Okuda 2016). The virus causes severe damage not only to chrysanthemums but also to some vegetables such as tomatoes and green peppers, on which necrosis and necrotic yellowing typically appear (Kuwabara & Sakai 2008, Matsuura et al 2007, Momonoi et al 2011.…”

Temporal expression of defence and susceptibility genes and tospovirus accumulation in capsicum chlorosis virus-infected capsicum

“…CaCV was first reported in 1999 infecting tomato and capsicum crops in Queensland, Australia [2]. CaCV infects economically important vegetable crops, including tomato in Australia, India, Japan, and Thailand, [2][3][4][5][6], chilli pepper in Australia [2], capsicum in Australia, Greece, and Japan [2,6,7], and zucchini and peanut in China [8,9]. Pineapple as well as ornamental plants and weeds, including Ageratum conyzoides, Emilia sonchifolia, Sonchus oleraceus, and Tagetes minuta, are also hosts of CaCV in Australia [10], as are Rudbeckia spp.…”