Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in adults

A suggested new surgical classification for mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection

“…The indications of pre-operative catheterization in most studies were the anatomy being unresolved by echocardiography, the need to characterize pulmonary venous obstruction, or the exclusion of major associated cardiac anomalies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27]29,30,[32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Cross-sectional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization provided the necessary diagnostic information, and defined the anatomy before surgery, in 139 patients. Echocardiography was the only diagnostic study in 43 patients.…”

“…Cardioplegic arrest is now used in most centers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][19][20][21][23][24][25]27,29,30,[32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,[48][49][50][51][52][53] Repair under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest was used at the beginning of the experience in some centres. 3,[4][5][6][7][8]13,20,32,35,50 At ...…”

“…For those patients with drainage of the three pulmonary veins into the coronary sinus, rechannelling can be accomplished by one of the three techniques, namely, unroofing of the coronary sinus and patch closure of the atrial septal defect, the technique suggested by Van Praagh and colleagues, or that proposed by Mee and his associates. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]24 > For patients with three pulmonary veins draining at or above the junction of the superior caval vein and the right atrium, or if the right superior pulmonary vein drains cephalad into superior caval vein and the other 3 pulmonary veins drain directly into right atrium, rechannelling can be accomplished by modifying the technique proposed by Van Son and his associates. 5,6,9,21,25,51 > For patients with a mixture of supracardiac and cardiac drainage, with right upper and right middle pulmonary veins draining directly into superior caval vein, rechannelling was accomplished by the technique described by Berdat and colleagues.…”

Surgical Outcome of Isolated Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Adults: A 14-Year Experience

“…Few patients with this anomaly can survive into their adulthood without prompt surgical intervention. Surgical experience and long‐term outcomes from this adult cohort are relatively few, 3‐5 except for case reports 6‐11 . From March 1997 to March 2011, 12 adult TAPVCs underwent surgical correction in our department.…”

Supracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in an Adult Patient: Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography

“…Without operation, obstructed supracardiac TAPVC has a high mortality (50% at 5 months and 80% at 1 year). 2 Survival to adulthood without operation has been reported but is rare, the main factors being a large unrestrictive ASD, short length of VV and absence of PAH with good biventricular function. 3 The four main features of diagnosis of TAPVC by echocardiography include demonstration of absence of pulmonary venous return to the LA, presence of a common confluence posterior to the LA, the exact mode of drainage of the pulmonary veins into the systemic venous system and the presence of associated defects.…”