Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of bulbs, leaves, and flowers made from Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb

“…Environmental factors, such as for example the day length, affect bulb enlargement and taste eminence in onion [33]. In onion, light range and quality impacts bulb formation and quality [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The bulb initiation and growth of further Allium species including garlic have been shown to be influenced by day length, temperature, and carbohydrates [42,43].…”

Section: Photoperiodic Control In Bulb Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Allium Crops Bulb Enlargement in Response to Photoperiod: A Review

Atif

Ahanger

Amin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The photoperiod marks a varied set of behaviors in plants, including bulbing. Bulbing is controlled by inner signals, which can be stimulated or subdued by the ecological environment. It had been broadly stated that phytohormones control the plant development, and they are considered to play a significant part in the bulb formation. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in understanding and advancement about the photoperiodic initiation of bulbing in plants. A noticeable query is to what degree the mechanisms discovered in bulb crops are also shared by other species and what other qualities are also dependent on photoperiod. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein has a role in flowering; however, the FT genes were afterward reported to play further functions in other biological developments (e.g., bulbing). This is predominantly applicable in photoperiodic regulation, where the FT genes seem to have experienced significant development at the practical level and play a novel part in the switch of bulb formation in Alliums. The neofunctionalization of FT homologs in the photoperiodic environments detects these proteins as a new class of primary signaling mechanisms that control the growth and organogenesis in these agronomic-related species. In the present review, we report the underlying mechanisms regulating the photoperiodic-mediated bulb enlargement in Allium species. Therefore, the present review aims to systematically review the published literature on the bulbing mechanism of Allium crops in response to photoperiod. We also provide evidence showing that the bulbing transitions are controlled by phytohormones signaling and FT-like paralogues that respond to independent environmental cues (photoperiod), and we also show that an autorelay mechanism involving FT modulates the expression of the bulbing-control gene. Although a large number of studies have been conducted, several limitations and research gaps have been identified that need to be addressed in future studies.

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“…Perbedaan kandungan senyawa kimia yang terekstraksi ke dalam kedua ekstrak inilah yang diduga menyebabkan perbedaan potensi antioksidan. Golongan senyawa yang diketahui bertanggungjawab untuk aktivitas antioksidan adalah flavonoid 45,46 , sehingga dilakukan analisis kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total untuk dianalisis korelasinya dengan potensi antioksidan.…”

Section: Uji Potensi Antioksidanunclassified

“…Hasil mengindikasikan senyawa flavonoid (flavonoid total) dalam biji dan daun kacang hijau memiliki kontribusi 96% dari potensi antioksidannya. Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitianpenelitian sebelumnya yang juga menyatakan ada hubungan yang linear antara kadar senyawa flavonoid dengan potensi antioksidannya 46,53 .…”

Section: Uji Potensi Antioksidanunclassified

Potensi Antioksidan Biji dan Daun Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiate L.) dan Studi Korelasinya Dengan Kadar Flavonoid Total

Fakhrudin¹,

Kurniailla²,

Fatimah³

2020

J. Penelit Pascapanen Pertan

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Biji dan daun kacang hijau (KH) mengandung senyawa flavonoid sebagai antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. KH dapat diekstrasi dengan air dan etanol menghasilkan ekstrak kaya flavonoid untuk bahan baku produk suplemen kesehatan dan obat tradisional. Penelitian bertujuan membandingkan potensi antioksidan dari biji dan daun KH, menganalisis kandungan flavonoid dan korelasinya dengan potensi antioksidan. Biji dan daun KH diekstraksi dengan air dan etanol masing-masing menggunakan metode dekokta dan maserasi. Potensi antioksidan ekstrak dievaluasi dengan metode FRAP menggunakan trolox sebagai pembanding, dan nilainya dinyatakan sebagai ekuivalensi terhadap trolox per gram ekstrak. Kadar flavonoid total ditetapkan secara spektrofotometri dengan rutin sebagai pembanding. Analisis kandungan flavonoid ekstrak dilakukan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis. Ekstraksi air biji KH memiliki potensi antioksidan 69,65±10,89 µmol TE/g, lebih tinggi dari daunnya 40,52±3,33µmol TE/g. Pada ekstraksi dengan etanol, potensi antioksidan biji KH lebih besar daripada daunnya (131,50±12,77µmol TE/g dibanding 9,37±0,42 µmol TE/g). Ekstrak air biji dan daun KH masing-masing memiliki kadar flavonoid total 2,98±0,03 dan 2,64±0,29 %, sedangkan ekstrak etanolnya masing- masing sebesar 4,71±0,72 dan 1,06±0,16 %. Kadar flavonoid ekstrak sebanding dengan potensi antioksidannya. Vitexin dan rutin merupakan senyawa flavonoid utama dalam biji dan daun KH. Daun KH juga memiliki potensi antioksidan yang cukup kuat dan kaya akan senyawa flavonoid. Antioxidant Potency of Mung Bean (Vigna radiate L) Seed and Leaf and Its Correlation with The Total Flavonoid Content.Mug Bean (MB) seeds dan leaves contain flavonoids with promising antioxidant activity. MB can be extracted with water and ethanol to yield flavonoid-enriched extract for health supplement and traditional medicine products raw material. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant potency of MB seed and leaf, and to analyze the flavonoid content and its correlation with antioxidant potency. MB seed and leaf were extracted with water and ethanol using decocta and maceration, respectively. The antioxidant potency of the extracts was evaluated by the FRAP method using Trolox as a reference control. The antioxidant potency was expressed as Trolox equivalent per gram of extract. The total flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically with Rutin as a reference compound. Analysis of flavonoid component in the extracts was done by thin layer chromatography. The water extracts of MB seeds and leaves demonstrated antioxidant potency of 69.65±10.89 and 40.52±3.33 µm TE/g, whereas the ethanol extracts were 131.50±12.77 and 9.37±0.42 µmol TE/g, respectively. The water extracts of MB seeds and leaves have total flavonoid content of 2.98±0.03 and 2.64±0.29 %, whereas the ethanol extracts were 4.71±0.72 and 1.06±0.16 %, respectively. We found that the total flavonoid content is proportional with the antioxidant potency. Vitexin and Rutin are the main flavonoids in MB. MB leaves also showed a powerful antioxidant potency and are rich of flavonoids.

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Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of bulbs, leaves, and flowers made from Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

In vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Some Ethiopian Medicinal Plants

In vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Some Ethiopian Medicinal Plants

Mechanism of Allium Crops Bulb Enlargement in Response to Photoperiod: A Review

Potensi Antioksidan Biji dan Daun Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiate L.) dan Studi Korelasinya Dengan Kadar Flavonoid Total

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