Totally organic biphasic solvent systems for extraction and descriptor determinations

Abstract

Partition between two immiscible solvents is widely used in sample preparation procedures for matrix simplification and isolation of target analytes, for separations using countercurrent, centrifugal partition, and liquid-liquid chromatography, and as a method for determining descriptors for use in modeling chemical, biological, and environmental processes. Until recently, most applications employed water as one component of the biphasic system. For compounds of low water solubility or stability, a series of totally organic biphasic systems have been developed to enhance the application range of liquid-liquid partition methods. These systems, their characterization using the solvation parameter model, and applications to sample preparation and the determination of descriptors are described in this review.

Ionic Liquid–Liquid Chromatography: A New General Purpose Separation Methodology

“…However, ammonium and phosphonium cation ionic liquids can be used over the whole 200-to 800-nm range of modern UV-Vis spectrophotometers. Anions (such as chloride) can also be used over the 2005 [52] 2006 [53] 2007 [54] 2007 [55] 2007 [56] 2008 [24] 2008 [57] 2009 [58] 2010 [59] 2011 [60] 2012 [61] 2014 [62] 2016 [63] The use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis and related technology 2004 [64] 2006 [65] 2008 [66] 2009 [67] 2013 [68] 2014 [69] 2016 [63] The use of chiral ionic liquids in chromatography 2005 [70] 2008 [71] 2008 [72] 2012 [73] 2014 [74] The use of ionic liquids in CCC 2008 [24] 2013 [75] The use of ionic liquids in GC 2009 [76] 2009 [77] 2011 [78] 2014 [79] 2014 [80] 2016 [81] 2016 [82] The use of ionic liquids in HPLC 2006 [83] 2009 [84] 2011 [85] 2012 [86] 2012 [87] 2015 [88] full 200-to 800-nm range, but anions such as triflate or bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide absorb light at wavelengths below 250 nm. Coloured impurities in the ionic liquid can also affect the performance of the UV-Vis detector, but these can be removed by filtering the ionic liquid through charcoal [...…”

Abraham model ion-specific equation coefficients for the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyimidazolium and 4-cyano-1-butylpyridinium cations calculated from measured gas-to-liquid partition coefficient data

“…Numerical values of the solute descriptors in our database are of experimental origin and were based on observed solubility data and Henry's law constants, [75][76][77][78] on measured gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatographic retention times and retention factors, [79,80] and on experimental practical partition coefficient measurements for the equilibrium solute distribution between water and an immiscible (or partially miscible) organic solvent. [81][82][83] The numerical solute descriptors define a set of chemical Table 1. Measured logarithm of gas-to-IL partition coefficients, log K, and logarithm of water-to-IL partition coefficients, log The smaller ranges for the latter two IL solvents, particularly in the V and L solute descriptor ranges, results from the absence of inorganic and smaller organic gases in the data sets.…”

Extraction and purification of violacein from Yarrowia lipolytica cells using aqueous solutions of surfactants

“…Although polymer pairs or a polymer and a salt are the most used, multiple combinations have been proposed in recent decades. Examples include the use of organic solvents, surfactants, carbohydrates, amino acids and ILs …”

“…20 Although polymer pairs or a polymer and a salt are the most used, 21 multiple combinations have been proposed in recent decades. Examples include the use of organic solvents, 22 surfactants, 16,23 carbohydrates, 24 amino acids 25 and ILs. 26 Over the last few decades, ILs have grown to be a subject of widespread research as promising alternatives to common organic solvents.…”