Tourism and community development vs. tourism for community development: Conceptualizing planning as power, knowledge, and control

Mair, Heather; Reid, Donald G.

doi:10.1080/14927713.2007.9651389

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Another topic linked to implementation is planning, where the need for appropriate planning is recommended as a necessity in achieving successful CBT (Dredge, 2010;Haywood, 1988;Liu & Wall, 2006;Mair & Reid, 2007;Mgonja et al, 2015;Mitchell & Reid, 2001;Reid et al, 2004;Reid et al, 2000;Simpson, 2001). Stakeholder management (Castro & Nielsen, 2001;Clarke & Jupiter, 2010) and stakeholder identification (Mgonja et al, 2015;Simpson, 2008) have also been regarded as playing a key role in the successful implementation of CBT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mair & Reid, 2007;Nault & Stapleton, 2011;Ruhanen, 2012;Wheeler, Frost, & Weiler, 2011). There is also literature within the tourism discipline that speaks to how the conflict that is being discussed is adversarial in nature (Bramwell & Sharman, 1999;.…”

Section: Conflict In the Tourism Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has also been a significant amount of literature dedicated to tourism-related conflicts that have occurred as the result of the collaborative CBT process (Bramwell & Sharman, 1999;Jamal & Getz, 1995;Jamal & Getz, 1999;Keogh, 1990;Mair & Reid, 2007;Reid, Mair, & George, 2004). Conflict is also found within the tourism literature based on similar concepts to collaboration, for example, cooperation.…”

Section: Conflict In the Cbt Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the CBT literature, planning has received a significant amount of coverage (BaudBovy, 1982;Bentrup, 2001;Burns, 1999;Mair & Reid, 2007;Reid et al, 2004;Reid et al, 2000;Selin & Chevez, 1995). Within Burns (1999) contribution, planning is viewed from two separate approaches: 1) includes tourism first, where the development of the tourism industry is the focus of planning; and 2) development is first, where planning is formulated based on national development needs.…”

Section: Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Curcija¹

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Community based tourism (CBT) as a concept offers a multitude of opportunities and benefits; however, there are numerous challenges in achieving such positive outcomes in real world communities.While conducting the review of the literature, the term 'conflict' emerged as a concept that could be used to describe many of the challenges occurring within CBT and the term 'conflict management' was recognised as the process responsible for positive or negative outcomes during the CBT process. The research gap became evident through the realisation that conflict and conflict management had not been specifically studied within the CBT context.To address the research gap, the purpose of this study was developed: to explore conflict and its management during CBT initiatives. To initiate this process, a model of conflict management was developed after reviewing both the CBT and conflict management literature.As a result, an original contribution towards understanding conflict management was developed, which was presented as a linear model.The conceptualisation of the linear model involved an 'instance' of conflict occurring, followed by a 'response' to the conflict, which then initiated an 'impact' on the CBT project. To determine if this logic was appropriate, a systematic review of the CBT literature was then conducted to assess the context of these three CBT-related concepts. This review determined the linear model to be a logical progression and also distinguished which CBT related concepts were most frequently mentioned as being 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts'.The five research objectives developed for this study were 1) to explore instances of conflict that occur within CBT initiatives; 2) to investigate the conflict management techniques used to respond to the identified conflict; 3) to explore how the response to the conflict impacted the CBT initiative; 4) to determine whether the proposed model of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' provides an initial understanding of the 'conflict theme' components that can be identified when addressing conflict management during CBT; and 5) to consider how the investigation of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' of conflict in CBT can inform future projects to increase the likelihood of success. Page | iiTwo stages of the exploratory research design were undertaken to attain qualitative data from CBT examples across the globe from representatives of four CBT stakeholder groups affiliated with CBT development: community, government, non-governmental organisations, and private enterprise. The first stage was an online survey, which investigated the conflict themes of 'instances', 'responses', and 'impacts' across the four stakeholder groups. The respondents were invited to participate in the second stage and the results were used to inform and develop the Stage 2 interview guide. During the Stage 2 interviews, the Constant Comparative Method (CCM) was used to acquire a dataset that constantly grew in detail and richness due to the evolution of the intervi...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conflict In the Tourism Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conflict In the Cbt Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Curcija¹

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“…In addition, local Participation has been taken into attention from different perspectives; some scholars considered local participation as an effective factor in sustainable development (Gunn & Var, 2002;Mair & Reid, 2007;Mowforth, 2008); some believe on catalyzing effect of local participation by enhancing their economic benefits from tourism and investing in other sectors (Stronza & Gordillo, 2008); Garrod (2003) discussed effective planning and management in the shadow of local participation; in a recent study, effective investment return has been proven in Vietnam through active local participation (Yen & Van Luong, 2008) and finally, some emphasized importance of widespread tourism participation in planning process (Gunn & Var, 2002;Inskeep, 1991).…”

Section: Local Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Supporting Attitude toward Community-Based Tourism Development; Non-Participants Perspective

Ebrahimi

Khalifah²

2014

ASS

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Non-participants in a host community play a vital role in the success of that destination. Community participation issues in a destination may propel a community to fail in their relations, businesses and attachments. In addition, there is a bias toward participants rather than non-participants in previous studies and non-participants in tourism activities have been neglected, therefore this study aims to investigate the supporting behavior of those non-participants and tries to identify factors discourage local people to participate in Community-Based Tourism activities by using a qualitative local participation approach. The results indicate the existence of a wide range of factors including; relation with current participants; time and capital limitations; religious and cultural sensitivities; envious sensitivities and communication barriers effect local participation in community-based tourism and specifically Malaysia Homestay Program.

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Community-based tourism

Mair¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Tourism

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Tourism and community development vs. tourism for community development: Conceptualizing planning as power, knowledge, and control

Cited by 50 publications

References 50 publications

Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Conflict management within the context of community based tourism: an exploratory study

Community Supporting Attitude toward Community-Based Tourism Development; Non-Participants Perspective

Community-based tourism

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