Tourism and dependency in Southern Africa: the prospects and planning of tourism in Lesotho

Enclavic tourism spaces: territorialization and bordering in tourism destination development and planning

“…In this respect, the bordering process in enclave spaces can be highly selective. For example, the planning and development of casino resorts under the apartheid regime in South Africa was based on a separation between whites and "the rest" (see Rogerson, 1990;Wellings & Crush, 1983). At the same time, however, these racialized tourism enclaves located in Bantustans (i.e., so-called black homelands) selectively allowed otherwise illegal activities in South Africa, such as interracial relations, to take place legally (Rogerson, 2014, p. 25;see Harrison, 1992).…”

“…They are often large scale and spatially and ideologically separated from their socio-economic surroundings (Minca, 2000). In addition to seaside resorts, however, the development of casinos and other luxury tourism destinations can sometimes evolve into resort enclaves (see Rogerson, 1990;Wellings & Crush, 1983). In contrast to these kinds of tourism resorts, backpacker enclaves are characterized by a small scale but large number of tourist operations that are targeted at relatively young, low-spending, long-term visitors (Cohen & Neal, 2012).…”

Turismo como instrumento de desarrollo: Una visión alternativa desde factores humanos, sociales e institucionales

“…La dependencia ha sido una de las teorías del desarrollo dominantes utilizadas en la investigación turística, especialmente en lo relacionado a los impactos negativos del turismo. Para estos autores, la discusión de la dependencia y el turismo también ha sido explorada por varios autores (Turner, 1976;Hills y Lundgren, 1977;Høivik y Heiberg, 1980;Wu, 1982;Britton, 1982Britton, , 1987aBritton, , b, 1989Wellings y Crush, 1983;Mathews y Richter, 1991;Harrison, 1995b;). La base del argumento dependencia radica en la organización de la industria del turismo y en la estructura de las economías del Tercer Mundo (Read, 1988).…”

Developing and regulating casinos: The case of Singapore

“…Negative connotations may engender hostility towards casinos in their neighbourhoods by residents who do not directly benefit (Kang et al, 1996; Perdue et al, 1999; Roehl, 1999), although opinions can be revised over time (Lee and Back, 2003 and 2006). Building casinos in less-developed countries with the intention of enticing gamblers from more prosperous nations has been particularly censured for encouraging dependency and reinforcing divisions between tourists and residents (Wellings and Crush, 1983).…”