Toward a multifunctional nature‐based coastal defense: a review of the interaction between beach nourishment and ecological restoration

Abstract

Coastal protection has evolved from focusing on hard solutions such as breakwaters and groynes to include soft or nature‐based solutions (NbS). NbS have been proposed as cost‐effective means to offer long‐term coastal protection and at the same time strengthen coastal resilience and biodiversity. However, projects utilizing NbS for coastal protection have often focused on a single solution and the evidence of improved biodiversity remain equivocal. In this paper, we review solutions traditionally used for disparate purposes – namely beach nourishment and the establishment of vascular plants such as seagrass and dune grass. The main incentives behind large‐scale beach nourishment projects are often the cost‐effectiveness, multifunctionality and dynamic shoreline protection whereas the focus of vegetation restoration has typically been on recreating important habitats and not specifically as a coastal protection measure. Based on previous studies and an on‐going large‐scale coastal adaptation project in southern Sweden, we investigate the feasibility of combining these seemingly dichotomous management strategies to yield a viable physical defense and at the same time strengthen coastal biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Given the urgency in combatting biodiversity loss and adapting to a changing climate, management interventions for coastal protection should explicitly incorporate ecological values into every coastal protection measure and seek innovative, integrated approaches that consider both geomorphological and ecological values and the possible complementarity between the two.

Coastal Restoration Challenges and Strategies for Small Island Developing States in the Face of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change

“…These strategies provide multiple benefits, including habitat for wildlife, support for biodiversity, and contributions to socio-economic development through tourism and recreational activities. Integrating both approaches is valuable for the geomorphological and ecological restoration of dynamic beach systems [176].…”

“…Implement beach nourishment projects to restore and widen beaches. Proper sediment management is vital for maintaining the protective function of the beach [176,266]. Regularly monitor sediment movement patterns, identify potential sources of sediment, and implement strategies to ensure a sustainable sediment supply.…”

Introduction – Nature‐Based Solutions for Coastal Protection

“…The researchers examine various planting techniques to develop guidance for conservation actions and appropriate management to build and improve guidance for seagrasses meadows restoration and awareness. The fifth chapter (Kindeberg et al 2023) reviews nature-based shoreline protection measures, and extends the discussion to investigate the possibility of implementing seagrass meadows and dune grass in combination with beach and dune nourishment. The authors suggest that such measures not only provide shoreline protection but may also restore important habitats that may have been harmed by a changing climate, thereby benefitting biodiversity on land and in the sea.…”

Monitoring of Coastal Dunes and Lagoons: Important Ecosystems to Safeguard

“…Lagoons also act as natural buffers against flooding [7] and coastal erosion, reducing the impacts of storms [8].…”