“…For instance, the multiple vehicle time-window-constrained pickup and delivery problem (MVPDPTW) faced in Dondo, Méndez, and Cerdá (2008) is capable of handling transport requests with multiple origins and/or destinations, heterogeneous vehicles, and multiple depots. In addition, the underlying ideas of the PDPTW problem have been also applied to the coordination of production and distribution activities in multi-site systems (Cóccola, Zamarripa, Méndez, & Espuña, 2013;Dondo & Cerdá, 2013;Méndez, Bonfill, Espuña, & Puigjaner, 2006). Other variant of the classical VRP is the Delivery and Pickup Problem (DPP).…”