“…Numerous research works have been conducted to address various aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), encompassing energy harvesting, device-to-device communication, energy efficiency, resource allocation, edge computing, security, privacy, and applications across different domains. Scholars have explored stochastic geometry analysis to optimize energy harvesting, proposed energy-efficient systems, investigated untapped potential in spectrum utilization, developed reinforcement learning-based frameworks, and explored the integration of edge computing and artificial intelligence [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Additionally, studies have focused on addressing security concerns in these areas, including privacy-preserving data sharing, explainable AI, and motion tracking.…”