Toward Performance Specifications for Concrete: Linking Resistivity, RCPT and Diffusion Predictions Using the Formation Factor for Use in Specifications

Weiss, Jason; Spragg, Robert; Isgor, O. Burkan; Ley, M. Tyler; Dam, Thomas Van

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_235

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The formation factor of concrete at a given age and temperature can be determined as the ratio of the resistivity of concrete, q c (X m), to the resistivity of the pore solution, q c (X m) [12,36]:…”

Section: Determination Of the Formation Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical compositions of the cementitious materials are provided in Table 1. The salts in the form of 3 M NaCl was assumed to be introduced to the hardened cementitious matrix externally after 56 days from initial mixing, which corresponds to a degree of hydration of 70% (for w/ b = 0.30) [36]. Isothermal conditions (23°C) were assumed.…”

Section: Chloride Binding Isotherms: Experimental Versus Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A nearly self-sufficient framework for modelling reactive-transport processes in concrete

Isgor

Weiss

2018

Mater Struct

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This paper describes a multi-species and multi-mechanism reactive-transport modelling framework for concrete. This modelling framework has the potential to be used in conjunction with performance specifications currently being developed in the US. The modelling framework is 'nearly' self-sufficient as it enables electrical resistivity to be used as the main physically measured input parameter in the simulations. The model uses thermodynamic calculations to predict pore solution composition, pore solution resistivity, pore volumes, and reactions between the solid and ionic components of the cementitious matrix such as chloride binding. The measured electrical resistivity is normalized by the calculated pore solution resistivity to compute the formation factor, which is used to predict transport properties of the ionic species. The framework allows the solution of reactive-transport equations with minimal input data to assess ionic movement, chloride ingress, and time to corrosion.

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Section: Determination Of the Formation Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chloride Binding Isotherms: Experimental Versus Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nearly self-sufficient framework for modelling reactive-transport processes in concrete

Isgor

Weiss

2018

Mater Struct

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“…the sorption test (Moradllo, Qiao, Isgor, Reese, & Weiss, 2018), permeability (Rajabipour, 2006), and diffusion for both cases that do and do not include chloride binding (Weiss, Spragg, Isgor, Ley, & Van Dam, 2017;Qiao, Coyle, Isgor, & Weiss, 2018). While the formation factor is clearly related to a wide range of transport properties, Figure 3.5 illustrates that the inverse of the formation factor is directly related to the w/c.…”

Section: Use a Formation Factor To Specify The Transport Properties Omentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis: Accelerating Implementation of Research Findings to Reduce Potential Concrete Pavement Joint Deterioration

Weiss¹,

Olek²,

Whiting³

et al. 2019

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JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMThe Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. AbstractDistress has recently been observed in the joints of some concrete pavements, primarily in the wet-freeze states. This distress often begins in longitudinal joints, followed by transverse joints and results in the significant loss of material from the joint area. Although it may only affect approximately 10% of the concrete pavements system-wide, it greatly reduces the service life and increases maintenance costs of the pavements it effects. Primary issues that emerged from studies on this phenomenon include the importance of the timing of joint sawing, the width of the joint opening, degree of concrete or joint sealing, drainage and degree of saturation of the concrete at the joint, quality of the air void system, role of deicing chemicals, quality of curing, and the degree of restraint at the joint. Although this broad collection of issues implies that we still lack complete understanding of all causes of joint deterioration, it also makes it pretty clear that the observed damage is a result of combination of several factors. This study synthesizes completed research related to concrete pavements joint deterioration and provides information to advance the knowledge and understanding of the variables involved in in this deterioration process and suggests the best practices that can lead to its reduction or mitigation. 17.

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“…The portion of testing corresponding to diffusion evaluation used a procedure termed the Cylinder Absorption Test (CAT) which uses electrical resistivity measurements to determine the formation factor of the mixtures. The formation factor is a material property that can be used to quantify the pore network, can be related to the diffusion coefficient [18,19,[43][44][45] and other transport mechanisms [46][47][48], and can be used to estimate the life-cycle of concrete elements [49,50]. Three 102 mm diameter by 204 mm height cylinders from each mixture were made.…”

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cracking, Bond, and Durability Performance of Internally Cured Cementitious Grouts for Prefabricated Bridge Element Connections

et al. 2018

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The use of cementitious grouts in prefabricated bridge element (PBE) connections is a common practice in the USA. Given the important role that these connections play within the infrastructure, the grout materials used must provide good flowability, mechanical and durability properties, low shrinkage, and good bond to the precast concrete element. However, this type of grout material has shown serviceability issues in the form of volume instabilities (primarily shrinkage). The inclusion of internal curing (IC) in cementitious grouts with the goal of reducing shrinkage has been successfully demonstrated in a previous study. The research presented in this paper extends upon that prior study and assesses the IC effect on properties relevant to PBE grout connections. The paper uses novel experimental techniques such as the dual ring test, formation factor concepts, and microstructural analysis to evaluate improvements in cracking, bond, and durability performance. The results show that, while the IC grouts did not alter the bond performance, they improved their cracking and durability properties. The inclusion of IC in cementitious grouts is presented here as a strategy to increase the durability and thus sustainability of bridge structures.

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Toward Performance Specifications for Concrete: Linking Resistivity, RCPT and Diffusion Predictions Using the Formation Factor for Use in Specifications

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

A nearly self-sufficient framework for modelling reactive-transport processes in concrete

A nearly self-sufficient framework for modelling reactive-transport processes in concrete

Synthesis: Accelerating Implementation of Research Findings to Reduce Potential Concrete Pavement Joint Deterioration

Cracking, Bond, and Durability Performance of Internally Cured Cementitious Grouts for Prefabricated Bridge Element Connections

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