Toward Principles for Enhancing the Resilience of Ecosystem Services

Biggs, Reinette; Schlüter, Maja; Biggs, Duan; Bohensky, Erin; BurnSilver, Shauna; Cundill, Georgina; Dakos, Vasilis; Daw, Tim M.; Evans, Louisa; Kotschy, Karen; Leitch, Anne; Meek, Chanda L.; Quinlan, Allyson; Raudsepp‐Hearne, Ciara; Robards, Martin D.; Schoon, Michael; Schultz, Lisen; West, Paul

doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-051211-123836

Cited by 952 publications

(928 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…It considers multiple aspects of integration, which broadens the analysis criteria for innovation (Lovell et al, 2010). Criteria should be related to key attributes of the ecological system but also those of the governance system (Biggs et al, 2012). This systemic perception may help decrease risk aversion and ease transition phases (Geels and Schot, 2007).…”

Section: Design Of Icls Requires Relevant Methods and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming system design for innovative crop-livestock integration in Europe

Moraine¹,

Duru²,

Nicholas

et al. 2014

Animal

113

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The development of integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) is a major challenge for the ecological modernisation of agriculture but appears difficult to implement at a large scale. A participatory method for ICLS design has been developed and implemented in 15 case studies across Europe, representing a range of production systems, challenges, constraints and resources for innovation. Local stakeholders, primarily farmers, but also cooperatives, environmental-association representatives and natural-resource managers, were involved in the identification of challenges and existing initiatives of crop-livestock integration; in the design of new options at field, farm and territory levels; and then in qualitative multicriteria assessment of these options. A conceptual framework based on a conceptual model (crops, grasslands, animals) was developed to act as a boundary object in the design step and invite innovative thinking in 'metabolic' and 'ecosystemic' approaches. A diversity of crops and grasslands interacting with animals appeared central for designing sustainable farming systems at the territory level, providing and benefitting from ecosystem services. Within this diversity, we define three types of integrated systems according to their degrees of spatial and temporal coordination: complementarity, local synergy, territorial synergy. Moreover, the options for cooperation and collective organisation between farmers and other stakeholders in territories to organise and manage this diversity of land use revealed opportunities for smart social innovation. The qualitative multicriteria assessment identified farmer workload as the main issue of concern while demonstrating expected benefits of ICLS simultaneously for economic, agronomic, environmental and social criteria. This study concludes that participatory design of ICLS based on a generic multi-level and multi-domain framework and a methodology to deal with a local context can identify new systems to be tested. Further assessment and redesign work will be performed in later stages of the European FP7 CANTOGETHER project.

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Section: Design Of Icls Requires Relevant Methods and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming system design for innovative crop-livestock integration in Europe

Moraine¹,

Duru²,

Nicholas

et al. 2014

Animal

113

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“…Connectivity can promote migration of individuals from distant source habitats to locally restock after perturbation. High connectivity may also promote massive propagation of local perturbations (e.g., invasive alien species and pest and disease propagation, Biggs et al 2012). However, potential negative impacts of high connectivity are still a subject of discussion.…”

Section: Principles and Examples For Enhancing Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

Duru

Thérond

Martin

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

460

283

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Intensive agriculture has led to several drawbacks such as biodiversity loss, climate change, erosion, and pollution of air and water. A potential solution is to implement management practices that increase the level of provision of ecosystem services such as soil fertility and biological regulation. There is a lot of literature on the principles of agroecology. However, there is a gap of knowledge between agroecological principles and practical applications. Therefore, we review here agroecological and management sciences to identify two facts that explain the lack of practical applications: (1) the occurrence of high uncertainties about relations between agricultural practices, ecological processes, and ecosystem services, and (2) the site-specific character of agroecological practices required to deliver expected ecosystem services. We also show that an adaptive-management approach, focusing on planning and monitoring, can serve as a framework for developing and implementing learning tools tailored for biodiversity-based agriculture. Among the current learning tools developed by researchers, we identify two main types of emergent support tools likely to help design diversified farming systems and landscapes: (1) knowledge bases containing scientific supports and experiential knowledge and (2) model-based games. These tools have to be coupled with well-tailored field or management indicators that allow monitoring effects of practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Finally, we propose a research agenda that requires bringing together contributions from agricultural, ecological, management, and knowledge management sciences, and asserts that researchers have to take the position of "integration and implementation sciences."

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“…One example of cooperation in this context is the BaltSeaPlan Vision 2030 for Baltic Sea MSP (Gee et al 2011). The need to agree on basic principles for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services has also become part of the climate change narrative, particularly because of the trade-offs between ecosystem services at different scales (Biggs et al 2012). Furthermore, the mix of ecosystem services society considers will change in the future with changing societal values and preferences.…”

Section: Building More Resilient Social-ecological Systems In Europe'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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Toward Principles for Enhancing the Resilience of Ecosystem Services

Cited by 952 publications

References 123 publications

Farming system design for innovative crop-livestock integration in Europe

Farming system design for innovative crop-livestock integration in Europe

How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

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