Towards 32-bit Energy-Efficient Superconductor RQL Processors: The Cell-Level Design and Analysis of Key Processing and On-Chip Storage Units

Dorojevets, Mikhail; Chen, Zuoting; Ayala, Christopher L.; Kasperek, Artur K.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2014.2368354

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…s st em = at e + int er connect (1) Table 5 shows the JJ-complexity of some commonly used logic blocks. For validation, we compare our method of evaluating JJcomplexity against published designs that use foundry RQL standard cell library based on foundry models and observe that our estimates are within 12% of the numbers reported in prior work [4,16].…”

Section: Modeling Area Using Jj-complexitymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Other demonstrated circuits include shift registers, small arithmetic circuits, transmission driver systems, and serial data receiver systems [12][13][14][15]. Design and resource estimates exist for 32-bit and 64-bit integer and floating-point arithmetic and logical units, register file, on-chip storage components, bloom filters [4,16,17]. Table 1 compares the energy-efficiency of typical operations in 16-nm CMOS and superconducting technology.…”

Section: C) Circuit Schematicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the limited fanout of RQL gates require JTLs leading to high JJ complexity. For example, JJ based KSA improves performance, but it worsens the energy-efficiency [4,24]. While designing the SHA engine, a combination of adders can be selected such that our design meets the baseline CMOS performance and maximizes overall energy-efficiency.…”

Section: Tradeoffs In Jj Adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As JJ-based logic gates have limited driving strength, JTLs are inserted to facilitate the desired fanout. In this paper, we use JJ-complexity as a key figure of merit, similar to prior superconducting system designs [4,16]. We evaluate the system level JJ-complexity by computing gate JJcomplexity and interconnect JJ-complexity.…”

Section: Modeling Area Using Jj-complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, JJ technology can provide significant improvements in operating frequency and energy-efficiency compared to CMOS. [4][5][6] What are the Challenges? Building a JJ based computing system is challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case for superconducting accelerators

Tannu

Das

Lewis

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers

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As the scaling of conventional CMOS-based technologies slows down, there is growing interest in alternative technologies that can improve performance or energy-efficiency. Superconducting circuits based on Josephson Junction (JJ) is an emerging technology that can provide devices which can be switched with pico-second latencies and consuming two orders of magnitude lower switching energy compared to CMOS. While JJ-based circuits can provide high operating frequency and energy-efficiency, this technology faces three critical challenges: limited device density and lack of area-efficient technology for memory structures, reduced gate fanout compared to CMOS, and new failure modes of Flux-Traps that occurs due to the operating environment.The lack of dense memory technology restricts the use of superconducting technology in the near term to application domains that have high compute intensity but require negligible amount of memory. In this paper, we study the use of superconducting technology to build an accelerator for SHA-256 engines commonly used in Bitcoin mining applications. We show that merely porting existing CMOS-based accelerator to superconducting technology provides 10.6X improvement in energy efficiency. Redesigning the accelerator to suit the unique constraints of superconducting technology (such as low fanout) improves the energy efficiency to 12.2X. We also investigate solutions to make the accelerator tolerant of new fault modes and show how this fault-tolerant design can be leveraged to reduce the operating current, thereby increasing the overall energy-efficiency to 46X compared to CMOS. Our paper also develops a workflow for evaluating area, performance, and power for accelerators built in superconducting technology, and this workflow can help other researchers explore designs using this technology.

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Section: Modeling Area Using Jj-complexitymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: C) Circuit Schematicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tradeoffs In Jj Adder Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Area Using Jj-complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case for superconducting accelerators

Tannu

Das

Lewis

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers

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Optimization analysis on the effect of operational power consumption for central air conditioning under cold storage regulation

Jiao

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Owing to the large power consumption and poor indoor comfort of central air conditioning, controlling the central air conditioning for cool storage and analyzing the power saving optimization of the central air conditioning operation have become necessary. Therefore, a method of power saving optimization analysis based on an improved ant colony air conditioning system is proposed to solve the problem of power consumption. According to the characteristics of cold storage operation regulation, the power consumption of chilled water pumps and air conditioning fans were used to establish a model, and the influence of cold storage operation regulation on central air conditioning operation power consumption was analyzed. On this basis, the improved ant colony is used to optimize the power saving path, according to the factors affecting the power consumption of central air conditioning operation above, and the optimal operation of air conditioning and storage regulation was analyzed, and the power saving treatment of central air conditioning operation was completed. The experimental results show that when the method is adopted, power consumption can be reduced by 67 560 kWh for the entire year, the total consumption of the optimal working point is approximately 0.384 kW, and the power saving effect is better with certain advantages.

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