Towards a cross-neglected tropical disease perception study toolkit: a prototype toolkit developed in the field of leprosy

Noordende, Anna T. van ‘t; Brakel, Wim H. van

doi:10.47276/lr.92.2.170

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…To measure knowledge about leprosy, we used the eight knowledge questions from the KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) Questionnaire that had been developed for the Indonesian context [ 23 , 24 ]. The score was calculated by adding up the correct answers, even if incorrect answers were present.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring leprosy case detection delay and associated factors in Indonesia: a community-based study

Dharmawan,

Korfage,

Abqari

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Leprosy is a public health burden in Indonesia with a high number of new cases every year and a high proportion of disability among new cases. Case detection delay (CDD) can contribute to ongoing transmission and increased disability chances among leprosy patients. This study aimed to establish the CDD of leprosy and the factors associated with detection delay in Indonesia. Method Community-based study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through interviews about sociodemographic and behavioral factors, anticipated stigma, and duration of CDD. Leprosy classification and case detection methods were obtained from health service records. A random sample was taken of 126 leprosy patients registered between 1st October 2020 and 31st March 2022 in the Tegal regency in the Central Java Province. Data were analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics using multiple linear regression. Results The mean CDD, patient delay, and health system delay were 13.0 months, 9.7 months, and 3.2 months, respectively. Factors associated with longer CDD are younger age (below 35 years), male, found through passive case detection, and not having a family member with leprosy. Factors associated with longer patient delay were being younger (below 35 years), being male, not having a family member with leprosy, and anticipated stigma of leprosy. It was not possible to reliably identify factors associated with health system delay. Conclusion CDD in leprosy should be reduced in Indonesia. The Indonesian National Leprosy Control Program (NLCP) is advised to adopt an integrated intervention programme combining active case detection with targeted health education to reduce CDD and thereby preventing disabilities in people affected by leprosy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The knowledge score ranges from 0 to 9. We define ‘poor knowledge’ as a score of 3 or less (< 33% correct), ‘moderate knowledge’ as a score between 3 and 6 (33–67% correct), and ‘adequate knowledge’ as a score of 6 or more (> 67% correct) [ 23 , 24 ]. The questionnaire can be found online.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring leprosy case detection delay and associated factors in Indonesia: a community-based study

Dharmawan,

Korfage,

Abqari

et al. 2023

BMC Infect Dis

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“…It should be noted that many articles included in this review used different measures to assess perceptions, which makes it difficult to compare findings across projects and countries. 45 The EMIC-CSS and SDS were most often used. Both are regarded as measures of attitude, although they measure slightly different things.…”

Section: Co M M O N P Erc E Ptio N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Health workers’ perceptions of leprosy and factors influencing their perceptions in endemic countries: A systematic literature review

Haverkort

Noordende

2022

LEPROSY

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Objectives To review work done to date on the perceptions of health workers towards leprosy and persons affected by leprosy. We aimed to create an overview of the different perceptions, review the differences and commonalities, and examine the drivers of these perceptions. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Infolep.org. ResultsThe search identified 503 articles, 21 articles were included in the review. The findings show knowledge gaps among health workers, and varying levels of negative attitudes towards persons affected by leprosy, which are influenced by local beliefs and by emotions such as fear. For example, we found that not all health workers are willing to treat persons affected by leprosy, often out of fear of contamination. We found that perceptions differed between countries, regions, health facilities and between different types of health workers. Factors associated with 'positive' perceptions of leprosy include male gender, knowing someone affected by leprosy, having received in-service training on leprosy, having graduated over five years ago, having received formal education on leprosy, and having knowledge of leprosy. Conclusions Health care workers' perception of leprosy varied greatly between countries and by context. We found knowledge gaps and diverse local beliefs that may contribute to negative attitudes, which are also influenced by fear of leprosy. It is important to examine perceptions of leprosy and to contextualise interventions when designing interventions to change health workers' perceptions of leprosy. Future interventions may consider including elements found to be determinants of a 'positive' perception in this review (for example, in-service training).

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Effectiveness of Sensitization Campaigns in Reducing Leprosy-Related Stigma in Rural Togo: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Jockers,

Bakoubayi,

Bärnighausen

et al. 2024

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background In the global strategy to eliminate leprosy, there remains a need for early case detection to successfully interrupt transmissions. Poor knowledge about leprosy and leprosy-related stigma are key drivers of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Sensitization campaigns to inform and increase awareness among the general population are an integral part of many national neglected tropical disease programs. Despite their importance, the effectiveness of such campaigns has not been rigorously studied in the West African context. A multilingual rural setting with low health literacy in this region presents challenges to the potential impact of sensitization campaigns. Objective The primary objective of this study is to assess the causal effect of common practice community sensitization campaigns on leprosy-related knowledge and stigma at the community level and among community health volunteers. Additionally, we will test the potential of novel educational audio tools in the 15 most prominent local languages to overcome literacy and language barriers and amplify sensitization campaigns. Methods We will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial using a sequential mixed methods approach in 60 rural communities across all regions of Togo, West Africa. The study features 2 intervention arms and 1 control arm, with intervention and control assignments made at the community level through randomization. Communities in intervention arm 1 will receive a sensitization campaign in line with the current Togolese national neglected tropical disease program. Communities in intervention arm 2 will receive the same sensitization campaign along with educational audio tools distributed to community households. The control arm will receive no intervention before data collection. Quantitative outcome measures on knowledge and stigma will be collected from a random sample of 1200 individuals. Knowledge will be assessed using the 9-item standardized Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire. Stigma will be measured using the 7-item Social Distance Scale and the 15-item Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale. We will estimate intention-to-treat effects at the individual level, comparing the outcomes of the intervention and control arms. In an accompanying qualitative component, we will conduct in-depth interviews with community members, community health volunteers, and health care workers in both treatment arms and the control arm to explore intervention and stigma-related experiences. Results This paper describes and discusses the protocol for a mixed methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Data collection is planned to be completed in June 2024, with ongoing data analysis. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication by the end of 2024. Conclusions This trial will be among the first to test the causal effectiveness of community-based sensitization campaigns and audio tools to increase knowledge and reduce leprosy-related stigma. As such, the results will inform health policy makers, decision-makers, and public health practitioners designing sensitization campaigns in rural multilingual settings. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029355; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00029355 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52106

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Towards a cross-neglected tropical disease perception study toolkit: a prototype toolkit developed in the field of leprosy

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Measuring leprosy case detection delay and associated factors in Indonesia: a community-based study

Measuring leprosy case detection delay and associated factors in Indonesia: a community-based study

Health workers’ perceptions of leprosy and factors influencing their perceptions in endemic countries: A systematic literature review

Effectiveness of Sensitization Campaigns in Reducing Leprosy-Related Stigma in Rural Togo: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

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