Towards a framework to assess, compare and develop monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation in Europe

Abstract

Adaptation is increasingly recognised as essential when dealing with the adverse impacts of climate change on societies, economies and the environment. However, there is insufficient information about the effectiveness of adaption policies, measures and actions. For this reason, the establishment of monitoring programmes is considered to be necessary. Such programmes can contribute to knowledge, learning and data to support adaptation governance. In the European Union (EU), member states are encouraged to develop National Adaptation Strategies (NASs). The NASs developed so far vary widely because of differing views, approaches and policies. A number of member states have progressed to monitoring and evaluating the implementation of their NAS. It is possible to identify key elements in these monitoring programmes that can inform the wider policy learning process. In this paper, four generic building blocks for creating a monitoring and evaluation programme are proposed: (1) definition of the system of interest, (2) selection of a set of indicators, (3) identification of the organisations responsible for monitoring and (4) definition of monitoring and evaluation procedures. The monitoring programmes for NAS in three member states—Finland, the UK and Germany—were analysed to show how these elements have been used in practice, taking into account their specific contexts. It is asserted that the provision of a common framework incorporating these elements will help other member states and organisations within them in setting up and improving their adaptation monitoring programmes.

The full spectrum of climate change adaptation: testing an analytical framework in Tyrolean mountain agriculture (Austria)

“…As some contexts to CC and adaptation are very broad, the relevance of the listed actions in Table 1 for CCA may not be clear at first sight. There are already some experiences with ex-ante evaluations of CCA measures, but such endeavors are complex as indicators alone are not enough and specific contexts have to be taken into account (Klostermann et al 2015). A comprehensive evaluation was outside the scope of this analysis, which focused on testing the applicability of the analytic framework based on a first inventory of actions that can be directly or indirectly connected to climate change impacts.…”

Evaluators in the Anthropocene

“…Frameworks, approaches, and evaluation cases now exist to evaluate and monitor climate change adaptation (Bours et al, 2015; Klostermann et al, 2018; Krause et al, 2015). Our being able to evaluate adaptations is important but by itself is not the transformation that is needed in our profession to contribute to addressing the impacts of climate change.…”

A Methodology for Long-Term Monitoring of Climate Change Impacts on Historic Buildings

“…Based on a literature review and three national adaptation strategies, Klostermann et al, 2018 [17] presented a generic strategy for monitoring based on four key factors.…”