Towards a Mobility Payment Service Based on Collaborative Open Systems

Abstract

There is a need for a new strategy and approach to effectively develop mobility services in Europe. These services should be seen by customers as integrated services which are offered by a payment service provider using direct debit payments as established by the European Central Bank. The mobility service would enable a citizen to use multimodal transportation means including public transportation, tolling, parking lots, bicycle rental, etc. in Europe under a single contract. Competing mobility service providers need to be trusted and supervised by authorities based on digital supervision and auditing processes. Digital platforms need to smoothly deal with heterogeneous infrastructures of the different operators which validate utilizations using a variety of means such as card, mobile phone, or automatic vehicle identification systems. All transportation-related events need to be reliably communicated to the payment service providers. Detected failures need a clear and easy to follow resolution procedure. The variety of existing technologies and methodologies to develop informatics systems and processes automation make it difficult to reach such objectives and also an obstacle for authorities to effectively supervise the processes. An open system of systems framework approach combined with a collaborative network support infrastructure to facilitate information exchange and coordination among all involved stakeholders is proposed as a promising way to address these challenges. This paper further develops previous research in this area, better clarifying the challenges, and recommending a development strategy which has been proved in a number of partial implementations.

Collaborative Trusted Digital Services for Citizens

“…A challenging question is how to address the European Commission's concern regarding the "often non-EU based, technologies". Previous research on a mobility payment service based on collaborative open systems defended that we need public leadership to "impose" open standards to the industry [27]. The suggestion is consistent with the US national or federal public investments to pull for consensus, motivated by integration.…”

“…Evolving from the notion of collaborative mobility service provider [27], we add to the proposed provider a broader role. In other words, we assume an extension of the provider's responsibilities with an authentication service that allows citizens to log in to any regulated digital service.…”

“…3 illustrates three specific technology architectures conceptualized, modeled, developed and deployed, maintained, and evolved under complex and critical coordination of multidisciplinary teams, commonly associated with the development and operations (DevOps) concept [32]. Despite the potential of contributing to a decentralized integration, as demonstrated in the SITL-IoT project [27], the wellknown business-IT alignment remains problematic [20]. One example is the difficulty of decoupling business process logic hard-coded into applications and evolving to a business process-oriented approach adopting a standard such as BPMN [29].…”

“…Our research is founded on the ISoS [24] and ECoNet [26] framework models and the collaborative mobility service provider concept [27]. The primary motivation for adopting ISoS is establishing a multi-supplier or multi-vendor technology landscape and reducing the vendor lock-in risks.…”

A partner selection framework for strategic alliances based on project complexity and partner’s past experience

“…The first step is the identification of the potential partners based on the objective of the collaboration (Wong, Leung-, and Ellis (2002). The second step is evaluation of potential partners to select the best fit based on different criteria (Polyantchikov et al (2017); Furlotti and Soda (2018)); negotiation with the selected partners to determine terms of collaboration and to finalise the partner selection (Oliveiral, Camarinha-Matos, and Michel (2008); Camarinha-Matos et al (2009b); Afsarmanesh, Camarinha-Matos, and Simon Samwel (2010); and implementing the strategic alliance (Osório et al (2019); Gou et al (2019)). In this study, we focus on the evaluation step and partner selection based on some of the influential criteria.…”