Towards a Personalised and Interactive Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Magnetic Field During Daily Routine in Magnetic Resonance

Hartwig, Valentina; Virgili, Giorgio; Vero, Luca Fabiano Ferrante; Marchi, Daniele De; Landini, Luigi; Giovannetti, Giulio

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy114

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Personal measurements can be conducted using time recording systems, often referred to as "dosimeters" which are generally worn by the workers in a pocket or fixed by an elastic strap around the breast, and measure the instantaneous value of B [37][38][39][40][41][42]. The new-generation personal dosimeter [43,44] are able to evaluate also the exposure to motion-induced TvMF during daily clinical practice [33,40,41,[45][46][47].…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Hartwig

Virgili²,

Mattei³

et al. 2021

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most-used diagnostic imaging methods worldwide. There are ∼50,000 MRI scanners worldwide each of which involves a minimum of five workers from different disciplines who spend their working days around MRI scanners. This review analyses the state-of-art of literature about the several aspects of the occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in MRI: regulations, literature studies on biological effects, and health surveillance are addressed here in detail, along with a summary of the main approaches for exposure assessment. The original research papers published from 2013 to 2021 in international peer-reviewed journals, in the English language, are analysed, together with documents published by legislative bodies. The key points for each topic are identified and described together with useful tips for precise safeguarding of MRI operators, in terms of exposure assessment, studies on biological effects, and health surveillance.

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Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Hartwig

Virgili²,

Mattei³

et al. 2021

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…The mapping of the static magnetic field was performed by means of a three-axis Hall magnetometer THM 1176 (Metrolab Instruments SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland). The consistency of this kind of instrumentation was already evaluated by authors in previous studies [14,[27][28][29]. The probe of the magnetometer was placed at five different heights from the ground plane (z = 0 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and 160 cm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure Assessment of the Static Magnetic Field Generated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Case Study

Hartwig

Sansotta

Morelli

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Magnetic resonance (MR) systems are used in academic research laboratories and industrial research fields, besides representing one of the most important imaging modalities in clinical radiology. This technology does not use ionizing radiation, but it cannot be considered without risks. These risks are associated with the working principle of the technique, which mainly involves static magnetic fields that continuously increase—namely, the radiofrequency (RF) field and spatial magnetic field gradient. To prevent electromagnetic hazards, the EU and ICNIRP have defined workers’ exposure limits. Several studies that assess health risks for workers and patients of diagnostic MR are reported in the literature, but data on workers’ risk evaluation using nuclear MR (NMR) spectroscopy are very poor. Therefore, the aim of this research is the risk assessment of an NMR environment, paying particular attention to workers with active implantable medical devices (AIMDs). Our perspective study consisted of the measurement of the static magnetic field around a 300 MHz (7 T) NMR research spectrometer and the computation of the electric field induced by the movements of an operator. None of the calculated exposure parameters exceeded the threshold limits imposed by legislation for protection against short-term effects of acute occupational exposure, but our results revealed that the level of exposure exceeded the action level threshold limit for workers with AIMD during the execution of tasks requiring the closest proximity to the spectrometer. Moreover, the strong dependence of the induced electric field results from the walking speed models is shown. This case study represents a snapshot of the NMR risk assessment with the specific goal to increase the interest in the safety of NMR environments.

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“…Two exposure recording systems were used to assess the personal exposure of different operators (one maintenance technician and one researcher) in two different clinical environments, with a 3T MR scanner. The first dosimeter is a commercial device [24], while the second one is a new generation personal dosimeter [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dosimeters are generally worn in workers' pockets and measure the instantaneous value of B [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The new-generation personal dosimeter [30] can evaluate the exposure to motion-induced TvMF during daily clinical practice [31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Exposure to Time-Varying Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Resonance Environments Using Pocket Dosimeters

Acri

Anfuso

Vermiglio³

et al. 2022

Electronics

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Staff working in Magnetic Resonance environments are mainly exposed to the static and spatially heterogeneous magnetic field. Moreover, workers movements in such environments give slowly time-varying magnetic field that reflects in an induced electric field in conductive bodies, such as human bodies. It is very important to have a practice method to personal exposure assessment, also to create a list of procedures and job descriptions at highest risk of exposure, to provide complete information for the workers. This is important especially for the “workers at particular risk”, such as pregnant workers or medical devices wearers. The purpose of this work is to measure the exposure of the staff to time-varying magnetic field in Magnetic Resonance clinical environments, using pocket dosimeter. We present here the assessment of exposure in two different working conditions relative to routine procedures for different kinds of workers. The obtained results show compliance with the safety limits imposed by regulation for controlled exposure conditions. However, during the activity of replacement of the oxygen sensor performed by a maintenance technician, some exposure parameters exceeded the limits, suggesting to pay attention with specific conditions to prevent vertigo or other sensory effects.

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Towards a Personalised and Interactive Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Magnetic Field During Daily Routine in Magnetic Resonance

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Occupational Exposure Assessment of the Static Magnetic Field Generated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Case Study

Assessment of Exposure to Time-Varying Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Resonance Environments Using Pocket Dosimeters

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