Towards a self-consistent model of the keyhole in penetration laser beam welding

Kroos, J.; Gratzke, U.; Simon, Gerhard

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/26/3/021

Cited by 146 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Surface tension and excess pressure largely prevent the low vapor recoil forces from distorting the cross-sectional shape "averaged over time". After many researchers [15,19] the keyhole cross-section is considered to be a circle.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Keyholementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments on laser cutting of not thick metal plates show that the cross section of holes obtained is close to the round shape and has a radius just slightly exceeding radius r F of the beam in the focal plane. For example, in [15], its value is taken equal to 1.7 r F . Here, we take it equal to 2 r F .…”

Section: Simulation Of the Keyholementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simplify the model, the effect of vapor plume was simulated by adjustment of the coefficient of absorption. Taking into account the complexity of experimental measurement of coefficient A, we used the values published in [15], where it was varied from 8% to 17% depending on the welding rate and beam power. In the calculations presented in this paper the best fit with experimental data was observed at A = 8%.…”

Section: Main Equations and Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It creates a motivation for the usage of numerical simulation in addition to experiments [2][3][4][5][6]. Mathematical modeling may significantly complement the experiment which is often much more expensive than computer simulations [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of laser welding of steel and titanium plates with a composite insert

Isaev

Черепанов

Shapeev

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. A 3D model of laser welding proposed before by the authors was extended to the case of welding of metallic plates made of dissimilar materials with a composite multilayer intermediate insert. The model simulates heat transfer in the welded plates and takes into account phase transitions. It was proposed to select the composition of several metals and dimensions of the insert to avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic phases in the weld joint negatively affecting its strength properties. The model accounts for key physical phenomena occurring during the complex process of laser welding. It is capable to calculate temperature regimes at each point of the plates. The model can be used to select the welding parameters reducing the risk of formation of intermetallic plates. It can forecast the dimensions and crystalline structure of the solidified melt. Based on the proposed model a numerical algorithm was constructed. Simulations were carried out for the welding of titanium and steel plates with a composite insert comprising four different metals: copper and niobium (intermediate plates) with steel and titanium (outer plates). The insert is produced by explosion welding. Temperature fields and the processes of melting, evaporation, and solidification were studied.

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Section: Simulation Of the Keyholementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Of the Keyholementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Equations and Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of laser welding of steel and titanium plates with a composite insert

Isaev

Черепанов

Shapeev

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The influence of zinc vapour evolution on keyhole elongation may be explained from an analysis of the pressure balance at the keyhole wall. For a stationary keyhole with a high aspect ratio, the following pressure balance is given by kroos et al [32,33]:…”

Section: Analytical Model Of Keyhole Elongationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keyhole behaviour during laser welding of zinc-coated steel

Pan¹,

Richardson²

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The production of consistent, high-quality laser welds on zinc-coated steels for the automotive industry remains a challenge. A simple overlap joint geometry is desirable in these applications but has been shown to be extremely detrimental to laser welding because the zinc vapour formed at the interface between the two sheets expands into the keyhole and disrupts fluid flow in the melt pool, which often leads to metal ejection. In this work, laser welding on sheets with various coating thicknesses has been performed and it is observed that the sheets with thick coatings (∼20 µm) show surprisingly good weldability. High speed video camera visualizations of the keyhole provide insight into the keyhole dynamics during the process. It appears that the dynamic pressure of zinc vapour can effectively elongate the keyhole and the process can reach a stable state when an elongated keyhole is continuously present. A simple analytical model has been developed to describe the influence of zinc vapour on keyhole elongation.

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Laser Fabrication and Machining of Materials

2008

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identifi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com v medicine, it is rapidly making headways in the field of biomedicine. As mentioned earlier, Part I provides sufficient basics of lasers and laser processes to spawn thoughts in one's mind for new applications of lasers. Examples of such new applications are described in chapters on laser interference processing, laser shock processing, and laser dressing of grinding wheels. It is hoped that the book will provide further impetus to many more readers to take lasers into new frontiers of applications.Thus, unlike many other books on similar topics, this book deals with the subject of laser-based fabrication and machining in a comprehensive manner. The subject matter in the proposed book extends over a wide range of disciplines that include, but are not limited to, mechanical, electrical/electronics, materials, and manufacturing. Such interdisciplinary discussion of the topic is a need of the time for many undergraduate and graduate academic programs and research activities that themselves are increasingly wielding interdisciplinary flavor. Furthermore, the scope of the subject matter ranging over macro-, to micro-, to nanolevels of processing/ manufacturing is very important to educate and prepare individuals for the next generation manufacturing. In addition, the integration of fundamental principles and physical phenomena governing laser-based fabrication/machining processes and their existing and potential applications have widened the scope of the book across the sectors of academia, research, and industry.

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Towards a self-consistent model of the keyhole in penetration laser beam welding

Cited by 146 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling of laser welding of steel and titanium plates with a composite insert

Modeling of laser welding of steel and titanium plates with a composite insert

Keyhole behaviour during laser welding of zinc-coated steel

Laser Fabrication and Machining of Materials

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