Towards A Social Ecology

An Empirical Exploration of Measures of Social Responsibility Across the Spectrum of Organizational Types

“…The preceding theoretical discus sion also suggests that organizations should also be categorized into groups based upon an a priori estimate of external control (Emery & Trist, 1973;Pfeffer & Sal ancik, 1978;Thompson, 1967). Organizations not traded in any public market and therefore controlled by relatively few people are recognized as privately held; they differ from the usual, publicly traded corporation which has been the focus of tar geting by social issues proponents (Freeman & Gilbert, 1988).…”

Causal modelling as a tool for problem framing within a group decision support system: an object‐oriented approach

“…Some systems designed specifically to support the negotiation process (Jarke, 1986) use models, and there exists an electronic mail system (Malone et a/., 1987) that uses an 'intelligent' filtering mechanism. Also, both the SAMM and Groupsystems environments (Easton et a/., 1989) provide a stakeholder analysis tool (Emery & Trist, 1973;Eden, 1978;Ackoff, 1981;Acar, 1987). This latter effort reflects an attempt to use the computer to perform a type of situation modelling as is advocated by this paper.…”

“…The two basic premises here are that: (i) interconnections exist and are becoming increasingly important within today's increasingly complex business environment (Emery & Trist, 1973) and (ii) information technology can assist decision makers to understand the linkages (Charalambides & Heintz, 1988).…”

Have the Seeds of Japanese Teamworking Taken Root Abroad?

“…Emery and Trist (1973) claim in the sociotechnical tradition that an organisation should be equipped with 'redundancy of the functions' rather than 'redundancy of parts' to keep a steady state in an unstable environment. A concrete mechanism that provides an organisation 'redundancy of functions' is multiskilled workers (Ketchum and Trist, 1992).…”