Towards autonomy: Cost-effective scheduling for long-range autonomous valet parking (LAVP)

Abstract

Continuous and effective developments in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are happening on daily basis. Industries nowadays, are interested in introducing less costly and highly controllable AVs to public. Current so-called AVP solutions are still limited to a very short range (e.g., even only work at the entrance of car parks). This paper proposes a parking scheduling scheme for long-range AVP (LAVP) case, by considering mobility of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), fuel consumption and journey time. In LAVP, Car Parks (CPs) are used to accommodate increasing numbers of AVs, and placed outside city center, in order to avoid traffic congestions and ensure road safety in public places. Furthermore, with positioning of reference points to guide user-centric long-term driving and drop-off/pick-up passengers, simulation results under the Helsinki city scenario shows the benefits of LAVP. The advantage of LAVP system is also reflected through both analysis and simulation.

Smart parking systems: comprehensive review based on various aspects

“…Autonomous Vehicle (AV) is a fundamental unit of the smart city and SPS concept. The authors in [52] suggested a scheduling scheme for Long-range Autonomous Vehicle Parking (LAVP). The scheme considers AV's fuel consumption rate and the time it is traveling.…”

From smart parking towards autonomous valet parking: A survey, challenges and future Works

“…4. AVP at Low Autonomous Level [53] level 2, drivers can stay out of the vehicle to monitor and control the overall parking process through smart devices, e.g., mobile phones. The level 3 applies advanced sensing and 3D mapping technologies to avoid obstacles and find out the best route towards car park [54].…”

Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

“…Long-range Autonomous Valet Parking (LAVP) presents a novel approach, making an autonomous vehicle temporary park in a car park within an urban area. The authors of [17] state that the Scheduling Center is the core, as it coordinates the nearest route to a drop-off place and find the best car park. This approach will benefit users by providing a reservation system in a cost-effective manner.…”