Towards Dependable IoT via Interface Selection: Predicting Packet Delivery at the End Node in LoRaWAN Networks

Abstract

Estimating channel conditions to predict packet delivery can be exploited as a powerful tool to ensure wireless networks dependability. In this article we explore the practical application of this idea from the end-device perspective, using the LoRaWAN protocol stack. We aim to understand if packet delivery can be estimated considering different levels of feedback at the end-device. For that, an extensive data collection campaign is carried out. Through an analysis of the obtained traces, we establish correlations between connectivity metrics at the end node and the fact that a packet is received at the gateway. The study is complemented considering different levels of feedback: (i) No feedback, (ii) enabling acknowledgements frames, and (iii) considering application/control plane data about the channel status at the gateway side. The results show that it is possible to estimate packet delivery in all the evaluated cases.

A Comprehensive Survey of Data-Driven Solutions for LoRaWAN: Challenges & Future Directions

“…Furthermore, Guerrero et al [61] have focused on estimating transmission channel conditions and predicting Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) using ML. To accomplish this, a comprehensive data-gathering initiative was carried out.…”

Smart Grazing in Tibetan Plateau: Development of a Ground-Air-Space Integrated Low-Cost Internet of Things System for Yak Monitoring

“…However, the so-called peer-to-peer communication only occurs between three nodes, and whether it can be applied on a large scale still needs further research and experiment. By using the LoRaWAN protocol stack, Guerrero et al estimated the channel conditions and predicted the packet delivery to ensure wireless networks' dependability [41]. Despite a good number of cited LPWAN system research works, there is no public literature on the real application of out-of-internet conditions similar to Tibetan Plateau pastures.…”