Towards high-field applications: high-performance, low-cost iron-based superconductors

Abstract

High magnetic fields play a crucial role in advancing basic sciences, fusion energy, and magnetic resonance imaging systems. However, the widespread use of high-field magnets requires affordable high-temperature superconducting wires that can carry large supercurrents. Iron-based superconductors offer an economically attractive solution to push forward important yet costly scientific programs, such as nuclear fusion reactors and next-generation particle accelerators. In this review, we start with the fabrication of iron-based superconducting wires and tapes and continue to discuss several key factors governing the current transport properties. State-of-the-art wires and tapes are introduced with emphasis on grain boundary characteristics, flux pinning, and anisotropy. The flexible conductor architecture enables low cost, large mechanical strength, and high thermal stability. Recent progress in practical applications, including superconducting joints and insert coils, is also reviewed. Finally, we propose several key questions faced by iron-based superconductors in future practical applications.