Towards Hybrid Urban Mobility: Kick Scooter as a Means of Individual Transport in the City

Abstract

Abstract. The characteristic feature of a contemporary city is its inconvenience and oppressiveness caused by the hitherto dominant paradigm of urban planning based on car mobility. As a result, the inhabitants have to cope with air pollution, noise, spatial barriers, sedentary lifestyle and other factors which worsen their health and quality of life. Ecological and physically activating urban mobility thus plays an increasingly important role in the process of creating a friendly and healthy city. For many years, a steadily increasing share of bicycles in urban traffic has been observed. There are also other trending forms of non-motorized transport, such as in-line skates, skateboards, kick scooters, etc. Riding each of them can be regarded as a form of recreation or sport, but also as an ecological, physically activating means of urban mobility. The paper discusses the different forms of recreational mobility in the context of the possibility of combining it with city public transport, with particular emphasis on kick scooters. Kick scooters are becoming more and more popular, not only among children and youth, but also among adults, who use it mainly as a means of the non-motorised urban transport. Numerous publications from different parts of the world show a dynamic growth of this phenomenon. The aim of the article is also to answer the question in what extent the design of public space takes into consideration the use of these new forms of transport and recreation and, consequently, what aspects and requirements should be taken into account in the planning and design process. The paper presents the conclusions of a field study carried out with a group of students in Szczecin and Berlin. The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibilities of using kick scooters in big cities as a means of hybrid mobility combined with public transport by exploring the spectrum of public spaces (streets, squares, traffic nodes and hubs, public buildings, etc.) and testing the existing urban infrastructure. The experiment and research results seem to confirm the vast possibilities granted by kick scooters in this regard.

The Dependent Coordinates in the Linearization of Constrained Multibody Systems: Handling and Elimination

“…( 79) and (80), are used to obtain the transformations presented in Eqs. ( 82) and (83). Next, as in the previous approach, the linearized holonomic constraints (108) allow for obtaining the variations of the dependent coordinates as a function of the independent ones, as shown in Eq.…”

“…Eccarius et al [69] presented a review of consumer adoption of electric motorcycles, and Manrique et al [70] reviewed the main aspects concerning the kinematics, dynamics and control of two-wheeled vehicles, described within the multibody formulation. Several works in the literature are devoted to the stability of bicycles [14,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78], the study of safety and injuries resulting from the use of electric kickscooters [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] and the stability of electric kickscooters [87][88][89]. As case studies to illustrate the role of the dependent coordinates in the linearization procedures outlined in this work, the linear stability results of a bicycle and an e-scooter multibody model have been utilized.…”

Kick-scooters identification in the context of transportation mode detection using inertial sensors: Methods and accuracy

“…The PriestmanGood's kick-scooter for life 1 is a typical example illustrating the ease of usability of KS by the elderly, which in other respects allows them to safely maintain physical activity. Furthermore, KS are allowed to share bike lanes and other public spaces, see Kostrzewska and Macikowski (2017). Thus, their integration to urban transportation systems is effortless in terms of infrastructure, see Oeschger, Carroll, and Caulfield (2020).…”

Economic regulation and E-scooter networks in the USA

“…In 2000, Razor USA produced a collapsible manual kick-scooter targeted for adults and short-distance commutes. While the early versions did not meet market expectations, they did familiarize people with scooters, and were popular with the younger generation ( Kostrzewska & Macikowski, 2017 ).…”