Towards intelligent reflecting surface empowered 6G terahertz communications: A survey

Chen, Zhi; Ma, Xinying; Han, Chong; Wen, Qiye

doi:10.23919/jcc.2021.05.007

Cited by 105 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…IRS (intelligent reflecting surface), a new concept in wireless communication, is expected to be an extension of mMIMO [99]. It has been considered in recent times as a promising technology that is highly capable of decreasing the energy utilization of wireless networks and also of attaining theoretically unmatched and mMIMO increments [100,101]. IRS involves a large surface area that is placed over a wall or a flat surface.…”

Section: Intelligent Reflecting Surface (Irs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolution or Evolution? Technical Requirements and Considerations towards 6G Mobile Communications

Alraih

Shayea

Behjati

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Ever since the introduction of fifth generation (5G) mobile communications, the mobile telecommunications industry has been debating whether 5G is an “evolution” or “revolution” from the previous legacy mobile networks, but now that 5G has been commercially available for the past few years, the research direction has recently shifted towards the upcoming generation of mobile communication system, known as the sixth generation (6G), which is expected to drastically provide significant and evolutionary, if not revolutionary, improvements in mobile networks. The promise of extremely high data rates (in terabits), artificial intelligence (AI), ultra-low latency, near-zero/low energy, and immense connected devices is expected to enhance the connectivity, sustainability, and trustworthiness and provide some new services, such as truly immersive “extended reality” (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and a new generation of entertainment. Sixth generation and its vision are still under research and open for developers and researchers to establish and develop their directions to realize future 6G technology, which is expected to be ready as early as 2028. This paper reviews 6G mobile technology, including its vision, requirements, enabling technologies, and challenges. Meanwhile, a total of 11 communication technologies, including terahertz (THz) communication, visible light communication (VLC), multiple access, coding, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) zero-energy interface, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), and infusion of AI/machine learning (ML) in wireless transmission techniques, are presented. Moreover, this paper compares 5G and 6G in terms of services, key technologies, and enabling communications techniques. Finally, it discusses the crucial future directions and technology developments in 6G.

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Section: Intelligent Reflecting Surface (Irs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolution or Evolution? Technical Requirements and Considerations towards 6G Mobile Communications

Alraih

Shayea

Behjati

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The recent studies from [45]- [48] have provided a detailed survey on the implementation of RIS technology with various emerging technologies and applications such as PLS, and deep learning [45], [46]. In [47], [48], the authors focused on analyzing the parameters such as reliability, secure transmission, channel estimation, and power optimization importantly, providing a detailed survey on the performance of the system with various optimization techniques. In [49], the authors have provided a brief summary of the UAV-assisted RIS system in a single subsection discussing its efficient results in the field.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV-Assisted RIS for Future Wireless Communications: A Survey on Optimization and Performance Analysis

Pogaku

Lee

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have the immense ability to enhance the data transmission from the sender to the receiver. RIS is made of low-cost meta-surfaces that can reflect or refract the signals in the desired manner. The concept of RIS is inspired by a smart radio environment or programmable radio environment. Though the device was introduced a couple of years back, it has gained immense attention from researchers because of its applications in 5G and 6G wireless communications. The introduction of this device in wireless communications aids in reducing the hardware requirements, energy consumption, and signal processing complexity. The integration of this device with various emerging technologies such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique, physical layer security, etc., has increased its potentiality in terms of performance enhancement. One such integration could be studied, i.e. RIS-assisted unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The UAVs exhibit aiding capability in various services to our society such as real-time data collection, traffic monitoring, military operations & surveillance, medical assistance, and goods delivery. Despite the positive appeal, the UAV has its limitations such as fuel efficacy, environment disturbances, limited network capability, etc. Considering these scenarios, the RIS can provide assistance to UAVs to enhance their performance when integrated. There is a limited number of articles and researches that consider UAV-assisted RIS systems. This article provides a detailed survey on RIS-assisted UAV systems considering multiple contexts such as optimization, communication techniques, deep reinforcement learning, secrecy performance, efficiency enhancement, and the internet of things. Finally, we draw attention to the open challenges and possible future directions of UAV-assisted RIS systems in phase shifting, channel modeling, energy efficacy, and federated learning.

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“…wireless network architecture [20][21][22][23][24] Single RIS; multi-RIS collaboration; based on spectrum sharing; based on non-spectrum sharing; 3D beamforming; combination with different networks, such as MIMO, OFDM.…”

Section: Design Of Ris-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Infrastructure Based on Shape-Adaptive RIS for Smart Industrial IoTs

Wang

Peng

et al. 2022

Electronics

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Industrial Internet of Things (IoTs) applications will have higher demands in terms of system capacity and wireless transmission performance in the future. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for the wireless transmission environment reconstruction is currently a research hotspot in the field of wireless communication. In this paper, RIS is applied to industrial IoTs scenarios, and an innovative infrastructure based on shape-adaptive RIS suitable for smart industrial IoTs is proposed. Based on the many advantages of RIS, the proposed infrastructure can meet the significant demands of industrial IoTs in terms of network coverage, system capacity, transmission rate, and communication security. Further, in order to achieve flexible RIS phase adjustment in wider ranges, in this paper, a shape-adaptive RIS mechanism is proposed to regulate RIS-reflected waves in the shape domain, which can be achieved by scalable RIS unit sizes and macroscopically changeable physical shapes. This mechanism can reduce the requirements for RIS-controller and artificial-unit design and expand the spatial distribution of reflected beams, whereas this is difficult to achieve by conventional regulations in the spatial, time, and frequency domains. The simulation results show that, in terms of system-coverage probability, the system performance of RIS is better than that of general communication systems, and the performance of the deformable RIS-based system is the best. In terms of channel gain, the performance of the deformable RIS is related to its surface size. Moreover, the path loss caused by the long-distance transmission of wireless signals can be compensated for by increasing the RIS surface area.

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Towards intelligent reflecting surface empowered 6G terahertz communications: A survey

Cited by 105 publications

References 196 publications

Revolution or Evolution? Technical Requirements and Considerations towards 6G Mobile Communications

Revolution or Evolution? Technical Requirements and Considerations towards 6G Mobile Communications

UAV-Assisted RIS for Future Wireless Communications: A Survey on Optimization and Performance Analysis

An Innovative Infrastructure Based on Shape-Adaptive RIS for Smart Industrial IoTs

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