“…First observed by Ivanov and Evstropiev [ 19 ], the coordination of Ge would continuously change from GeO 4 to GeO 6 with the addition of alkali oxides. Recently, the structural properties of germanate-based glasses have been examined in Na 2 O-GeO 2 -TeO 2 [ 20 ], Li 2 O-GeO 2 -TeO 2 [ 20 ], MnO-GeO 2 -PbO 2 [ 21 ], TeO 2 -GeO 2 -PbO [ 22 ], Na 2 CO 3 -CaO-GeO 2 [ 23 ], and Ga 2 O 3 -GeO 2 -BaO [ 24 ]. Among the reported germanate-based glasses, the barium gallo-germanate matrix has received the most attention due to its excellent properties, i.e., relatively large glass-forming region, high transmittance in a wide wavelength region, superior chemical durability, and thermal stability [ 25 , 26 ].…”