Toxic effect of lead (Pb) on hatching rate and larvae abnormalities of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

Like other fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one species that potentially exposed to pollutants, including lead (Pb). However, the impact of Pb exposure on hatching rate and larvae development of Nile tilapia is still not investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the toxic effect of Pb exposure on hacthing rate and larvae abnormalities of Nile tilapia. A total of 2,400 fertilized eggs of Nile tilapia was distributed to control and 3 treatment group namely: treatment A (0.21 mg/L PbCl2), treatment B (0.42 mg/L PbCl2) and treatment C (0.63 mg/L PbCl2) with triplicate. The exposure period lasted for ten days. Cumulative hatching rate, survival rate, malformation rate, heart rate, body length, total lead content and deformities of larvae were analyzed. The results showed that increasing Pb concentration significantly increased malformation rate, heart rate, and total Pb content in Nile tilapia larvae. The highest malformation rate, heart rate and total lead content observed in treatment C were 3.4%, 115.6 beats/minute and 4.80 mg Pb/kg, respectively. Furthermore, Pb was affect several deformities of Nile tilapia larvae including lordosis, kyphosis, and curved tail. Otherwise, exposed to lead up to concentration 0.63 mg/L PbCl2 have no significant effect on cumulative hatching rate, survival rate and body length in Nile tilapia.

Utilization of palm oil mill effluent as growth media in budikdamber system

“…In line with the results found in this study, Ayegbusi [27] observed a decrease in SGR of catfish with increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) in the growth medium, while Opute [28] an the other scholars also reported a decrease in SGR and a significant increase in juvenile catfish mortality when exposed to the herbicide atrazine. It was also observed that toxic waste could also affect larvae growth, as reported that toxic waste with Pb content could significantly decreased the hatching rate and induced the abnormalities of Tilapia larvae [29]. It was also observed a decrease in growth performance and a significant increase in mortality in catfish exposed to domestic waste [26].…”

Effect of heavy metals in fish reproduction: A review

“…Similar impeding effects was also found in Anguilla anguilla exposed to mercury (Nowosad et al, 2021) (Table 1). Deformities in Nile tilapia larvae including lordosis, kyphosis, and curved tail in Oreochromis niloticus was noted on exposure to 0.21 ppm, 0.42 ppm, 0.63 ppm lead for 10 days (Melanie et al, 2021) (Table 1).…”