Toxic Metals in a Paddy Field System: A Review

Duan, Yuanliang; Li, Qiang; Zhang, Lu; Huang, Zhipeng; Zhao, Zhi‐Xue; Zhao, Han; Du, Jun; Zhou, Jian

doi:10.3390/toxics10050249

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…After entering the environment or ecosystem, heavy metals can exist in a variety of chemical states or chemical forms [ 4 , 5 ]. What is more, due to their recalcitrance, cumulativity and hypertoxicity, heavy metals would cause soil degradation and groundwater pollution, seriously reduce crop production and pose a threat to the ecosystem and human health [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Contributions in Agricultural Soils Developed from Karst Landform in the Southwestern Region of China

Qin

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Heavy metal pollution of soil in agricultural areas is the most prominent environmental pollution problem in China, seriously affecting human health and food security. It has become one of the environmental problems to which all sectors of society attach great importance. Soil heavy metals in the weathering area of hazardous geological bodies in southwest China have naturally high background attributes. Therefore, ecological risk assessment and analysis of potential sources of soil heavy metals in southwest China is of great significance for soil health management, soil heavy metal pollution control and territorial spatial planning. In this study, we collected 787 soil samples (0–20 cm) in Xuanwei County in China and analyzed the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils. Igeo, RI, HI and CR were used to calculate the pollution levels, ecological risks and human health risks. Additionally, the PMF model and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the potential sources and discuss the factors affecting the enrichment of heavy metals. The results showed that the mean contents of the surface soils were 1.190 (Cd), 139.4 (Cr), 96.74 (Cu), 0.081 (Hg), 56.97 (Ni), 46.66 (Pb) and 130.1 (Zn) mg/kg. All heavy metals exceeded the background values of the A layer soil in Yunnan Province. The Igeo showed that Cd was the most hazardous element in the study area, followed by Cu, Cr, As, Ni and Pb. The RI showed that low ecological risks, moderate ecological risks, considerable ecological risks and strong ecological risks accounted for 3.81%, 55.27%, 37.74% and 3.18%, respectively, of the total samples, and Cd was the main dominant element. The HI values of the As element in children were greater than 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk, and other elements’ risks were acceptable. The CR values of Cr and Ni were higher than their limits (1 × 10−4), and both had carcinogenic risks in children and adults, as did As in children. According to the PMF model, four heavy metals sources were identified: geological sources (32%), sources from mining activities (19.38%), atmospheric deposition sources (17.57%) and agricultural sources (31.05%). Thereinto, As and Pb were mainly derived from agricultural sources, Cd and Cr were mainly associated with geological sources, Cu was largely from mining activity sources, Hg was mainly from atmospheric deposition sources and Ni and Zn were mainly from geological sources, mining activities and agricultural activities. The parent material has a significant influence on the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil, and the heavy metals are significantly enriched in the carbonate parent material and quaternary parent material. Topography also plays a role in heavy metal accumulation; Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn gradually decreased with the increase in altitude, and As and Pb increased with the increase in altitude. Mn-oxide played a crucial part in the enrichment of Cu and Zn, while SOC, K2O and pH had little influence on the accumulation of heavy metals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Contributions in Agricultural Soils Developed from Karst Landform in the Southwestern Region of China

Qin

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…The results presented herein showed an increased accumulation of Ni and Cu in the grains of the MIN-treated plots. Previous studies have demonstrated that heavy metal uptake and accumulation by plants depend on their availability in the soil ( Xiao et al., 2011 ; Duan et al., 2022 ). It has been described that there are multiple factors influencing heavy metal bioavailability, the soil pH being the main one ( Wei et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic performance and remote sensing assessment of organic and mineral fertilization in rice fields

Marti-Jerez,

Català-Forner,

Tomàs

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionRice heavily relies on nitrogen fertilizers, posing environmental, resource, and geopolitical challenges. This study explores sustainable alternatives like animal manure and remote sensing for resource-efficient rice cultivation. It aims to assess the long-term impact of organic fertilization and remote sensing monitoring on agronomic traits, yield, and nutrition.MethodsA six-year experiment in rice fields evaluated fertilization strategies, including pig slurry (PS) and chicken manure (CM) with mineral fertilizers (MIN), MIN-only, and zero-fertilization. Traits, yield, spectral responses, and nutrient content were measured. Sentinel-2 remote sensing tracked crop development.ResultsCost-effective organic fertilizers (PS and CM) caused a 13% and 15% yield reduction but still doubled zero-fertilization yield. PS reduced nitrogen leaching. Heavy metals in rice grains were present at safe amounts. Organic-fertilized crops showed nitrogen deficiency at the late vegetative stages, affecting yield. Sentinel-2 detected nutrient deficiencies through NDVI.DiscussionOrganic fertilizers, especially PS, reduce nitrogen loss, benefiting the environment. However, they come with yield trade-offs and nutrient management challenges that can be managed and balanced with reduced additional mineral applications. Sentinel-2 remote sensing helps manage nutrient deficiencies. In summary, this research favors cost-effective organic fertilizers with improved nutrient management for sustainable rice production.

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“…Sethy and Ghosh [36] mentioned high amount of lead closed with seed could inhibit seed germination, root elongation, seedling development, plant growth, transpiration, chlorophyll production, water and protein content. Zinc in cement factory wastewater is just slightly above the standard guideline, nonetheless, above the threshold limit of heavy metal is toxic and could result in inhibitory effects on the seed germination and plant growth [37,38].…”

Section: Germination Percentagementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth Response on Two Rice (Oryza sativa) Varieties Supplied with Different Types and Concentrations of Wastewater in Thailand

Nordin,

Halmi,

Thobunluepop

et al. 2023

J Biochem Microbiol Biotechnol

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With increasing concerns over water scarcity, wastewater reclamation for agricultural irrigation has gained attention. However, the use of wastewater can have both positive and negative effects on crop growth. Seed germination and early seedling growth tests are considered to accurately represent crop growth population. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types and concentrations of wastewater on rice seed germination and early seedling growth. Two rice varieties, SIRAJ279 and MR219, were grown in wastewater from shrimp culture, domestic sources, and cement factories at five concentrations: 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Seed germination percentage and germination rate index were used to evaluate seed germination analysis, while the seedling length, seedling vigor index, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and phytotoxicity percentage were used to evaluate early seedling growth analysis. Results showed that the SIRAJ279 rice variety had overall better seed quality than MR219. Rice irrigated with shrimp culture and domestic wastewater showed better results in seed germination, germination rate index, seedling length, seedling vigor index, and seedling fresh weight than those irrigated with cement factory wastewater. However, no significant difference was observed in seedling dry weight. Additionally, increased wastewater concentration had a negative effect on seed and seedling results. Seedlings grown in wastewater with a concentration of 75-100% from cement factories had the highest phytotoxicity percentage (more than 30%). Therefore, it is recommended to dilute cement factory wastewater to 50% before using it for agricultural irrigation.

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Toxic Metals in a Paddy Field System: A Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 138 publications

Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Contributions in Agricultural Soils Developed from Karst Landform in the Southwestern Region of China

Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Contributions in Agricultural Soils Developed from Karst Landform in the Southwestern Region of China

Agronomic performance and remote sensing assessment of organic and mineral fertilization in rice fields

Effect of Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth Response on Two Rice (Oryza sativa) Varieties Supplied with Different Types and Concentrations of Wastewater in Thailand

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