Toxic plants grown in gardens in Alto Branco, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.

Abstract

This chapter presents the results of a study aimed to do a survey on toxic plant species present in gardens in Alto Branco, in the city of Campina Grande (Paraíba, Brazil), as well as to do a brief summary of the main characteristics related to each one of the species in order to have a greater understanding about toxic plant diversity in the gardens of the city. A total of 1080 gardens were examined from October to December 2008. Twenty-two plants growing within some gardens were determined to be toxic in accordance with Schvartsman (1992). Six species belonged to the Euphorbiaceae family and 7 to the Araceae family, showing that they are widely cultivated in the gardens of Campina Grande. One of the most important plants was Dieffenbachia spp. Four plants belonged to the Apocynaceae family, including Allamanda cathartica. Plants from other families, including Moraceae (two species), Araliaceae, Asteraceae, and Balsaminaceae (one species each) were also found. These species are considered toxic because they contain such compounds as oxalates. Tabulated data are given on the toxic compounds reported in the poisonous species. The exposure to toxicity can occur by ingestion, or by contact with eyes or skin. Symptoms of poisoning by these plants range from irritation of mucous membranes to suffocation and even death.

Drying of Ceramic Bricks: Thermal and Mass Analysis via CFD

“…), model and boundary conditions used in modeling. However, Silva [1] and Araújo [11], working with the drying of industrial hollow ceramic bricks, obtained a mass diffusion coefficient of 8.0×10 -10 m 2 /s, at a temperature of 80ºC, while Nascimento [5] ] studying the solid brick drying (common brick) with a parallelepiped shape, obtained a mass diffusion coefficient of 1.296×10 -8 m 2 /s at the temperature of 80ºC and Brito [14] obtained a value of 1.41×10 -8 m 2 /s, at the same temperature.…”

“…(13) (14) where n is the number of experimental data, is the number of adjusted parameters (number of degrees of freedom), ∅𝑖𝑖, 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 is the numerical value and ∅𝑖𝑖, 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 is the experimental value.…”

Solar Energy and Biomass within Distributed Generation for a Northeast Brazil Hotel

“…For the hot water demands, the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (better known by its acronym in Portuguese-ABNT) was followed (ABNT NBR 15569/2020 [17]). Climate data (monthly average temperature) were also employed [18]. Finally, two air conditioning units were used to characterize the cooling demand (evaluated for workdays and weekends of each month, based on the equipment technical specifications, load utilization factor, and occupancy rate).…”